The Early History of the Colonial Post-OfficeWoolley, Mary Emma
History
The Early History of the Colonial Post-Office
Woolley, Mary Emma
Postal service -- United States -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
A letter[18] from Sir Edmund Andros to John Allyn, dated November 23,
1687, speaks of a contemplated post from Boston to the farthest
settlements of Connecticut, John Perry to go between Hartford, Fairfield
and Stamford once a month in the winter, and every three weeks during
the summer, as Allyn suggests in his answer. A letter from Samuel
Sewall[19] to Samuel Mather, at Windsor, Connecticut, as early as March
6, 1685/6[20], mentions John Perry as bearer and a postage of 3d. That
this project was carried out is evident from the complaint brought
before the council of New York[21] by John Perry, that on his way to
Boston he was laid hold on by warrant from the usurper Leysler, brought
to New York and his letters opened, the apparent object being to destroy
commerce and trade.
[18] _Connecticut Records_, Vol. III., pp. 392, 393, 398.
[19] _Letter Book of Sam. Sewall_, Vol. I., p. 25.
[20] The discrepancy in dates leads to the supposition that John Perry
served as bearer before his actual appointment.
[21] _Colonial Documents of N. Y._, Vol. III., p. 682.
June 11th, 1689, the Massachusetts general court[22] appointed Richard
Wilkins, postmaster, to receive all letters and deliver them out at 1d.
each.
[22] _Mass. Provincial Records._
In 1691/2, a new era opened for the colonial post office. On February
7th, of that year, William and Mary, by letters patent, granted[23] to
“Thomas Neale, Esq., his executors, administrators and assignes, full
power and authority to erect, settle and establish within the chief
parts of their majesties’ colonies and plantations in America, an office
or offices for the receiving and dispatching letters and pacquets, and
to receive, send and deliver the same under such rates and sums of money
as the planters shall agree to give, and to hold and enjoy the same for
the terme of twenty-one years.”
[23] _Mass. Historical Collections_, 3d series, Vol VII., pp. 50-51.
To govern and manage the general post office,[24] Neale appointed (April
4th, 1692) Andrew Hamilton, an Edinburgh merchant, who in 1685 had
emigrated to New Jersey, and become special agent of the proprietors.
[24] _Mass. Historical Collections_, 3d series, Vol. VII., p. 51, also
Palfrey’s _History of New England_.
On the deposition of Andros in 1689, Hamilton embarked for England to
consult with the proprietors; on the voyage was taken prisoner by the
French, but soon released, and in 1692 was made governor of New Jersey.
Hamilton’s application to the colonial legislatures[25] to “ascertain
and establish such rates and terms as should tend to quicker maintenance
of mutual correspondence among all neighboring colonies and plantations
and that trade and commerce might be better preserved,” met with a
favorable response from the colonial governments.
[25] Palfrey, IV., p. 329.
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