The name of Carchemish is usually written Gargamis in the cuneiform inscriptions (Qarqamish in the Egyptian hieroglyphs), but Tiglath-pileser I. (W. A. I. i. 13, 49) calls it ‘Kar-Gamis’ (the Fortified Wall of Gamis) ‘in the land of the Hittites,’ and from the Hebrew spelling in the Old Testament we may gather that Gamis was identified with the Moabite Chemosh. In Babylonian tablets of the age of Ammi-zadoq mention is made of a wood Karkamisû or ‘Carchemishian’ (Bu. 88-5-12, 163, line 11; 88-5-12, 19, line 8). It may be noted that the name ‘Jerabîs,’ sometimes assigned to the site of Carchemish instead of Jerablûs, is, according to the unanimous testimony of English and American residents in the neighbourhood, erroneous. Footnote 54: See _Records of the Past_, new ser., v. p. 45. Footnote 55: For the identity of the Zuzim with the Babylonian Zavzala, see my note in the _Proceedings_ of the Society of Biblical Archæology, xix. 2, pp. 74, 75. Footnote 56: See above, p. 21. Footnote 57: See above, p. 20. Footnote 58: We owe the term ‘Eurafrican’ to Dr. Brinton (see his _Races and Peoples_, 1890, Lecture iv.). For the relationship of the Libyan and the Kelt, see my Address to the Anthropological Section of the British Association, 1887. Footnote 59: The expression ‘mountain of the Amorites,’ which we meet with in Deut. i. 7, 19, takes us back to Abrahamic times. One of the campaigns of Samsu-iluna, the son and successor of Khammu-rabi or Amraphel, was against ‘the great mountain of the land of the Amorites’ (_kharsag gal mad Martu-ki_, Bu. 91-5-9, 333; _Rev._ 19). Footnote 60: See my _Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the Monuments_, p. 41; D. H. Müller, _Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien_, p. 8 (the Minæan inscriptions of El-Oela, south of Teima, are given pp. 21 _sqq._). Footnote 61: Philo Byblius in his work ‘On the Jews,’ as quoted by Eusebius (_Præp. Evang._ i, 10), stated that ‘Kronos, whom the Phœnicians call El, the king of the country, who was afterwards deified in the planet Saturn, had an only son by a nymph of the country called Anôbret. This son was named Yeud, which signifies in Phœnician an only son. His country having fallen into distress during a war, Kronos clothed his son in royal robes, raised an altar, and sacrificed him upon it.’ In his account of the Phœnician mythology, the same writer describes the sacrifice a little differently: ‘A plague and a famine having occurred, Kronos sacrificed his only son to his father the Sky, circumcised himself, and obliged his companions to do the same’ (Euseb. _l. c._). Footnote 62: _Records of the Past_, new ser., v. p. 49, No. 81. Footnote 63: _L’Imagerie Phénicienne_ (1880), p. 105. Footnote 64: Which may also be read _ayyal_ or ‘hart.’ Footnote 65: See my _Races of the Old Testament_, pp. 130 _sq._ Footnote 66: