[156] The relation between the Irish Church and the State is very ably yet concisely treated in a pamphlet by Rev. James F. Cassidy, St. Paul, Minnesota, entitled “_The Irish Church as an Element in Irish Nationality_” whose thesis is cited here. [157] Joyce, P. W., _op. cit._ I., p. 382. [158] Healy, John, _op. cit._ p. 94; Stokes, Whitley, _Tripartite Life of St. Patrick_, I., p. 236. [159] Plummer, Charles, _op. cit._ I., p. xcviii. [160] Joyce, P. W., _op. cit._ I., 365. [161] Reeves, Wm., _Adamnan_, pp. 24, 143. [162] Concannon, Helen, _The Life of St. Columban_, p. 145. [163] Stokes, W., _op. cit._ p. 236; Reeves, Wm., _op. cit._ pp. 357–361. [164] Reeves, Wm., _ibid._; Healy, John, _op. cit._ pp. 94–96. [165] Warren, F. E., _op. cit._ p. 17. [166] Warren, F. E., _op. cit._ p. 17; Joyce, P. W., _op. cit._ I. l. 409. [167] See Bibliography, _Rules_. [168] _Op. cit. Lives of Saints_. [169] Columbanus, _Regula Monachorum_, C. III., cited by Concannon, Helen, _Life of St. Columban_, p. 68. [170] Reeves, Wm., _Adamnan’s Vita Sancti Columbae_, p. 348. [171] Concannon, Helen, _op. cit._ p. 69. [172] _Ibid._ [173] Reeves, Wm., _op. cit._ p. 355. [174] Concannon, Helen, _ibid._ [175] _Ibid._ [176] McAlister, R. S., _Muiredach, Abbot of Monasterboice_, p. 63. [177] The number of Canonical Hours vary in different Rules; some give _six_, others _seven_; the Bangor usage was _eight_. See notes by R. I. Best on _Tractate on the Canonical Hours_ edited from the _Lebor Brecc_ in _Miscellany to Kuno Meyer_. [178] See Concannon, Helen, _op. cit._ pp. 58, 67; Plummer, I., cxvii. [179] MacAlister, R. S., _Muiredach, Abbot of Clonmacnoise_, p. 63. [180] See above _Means of Support_. [181] Concannon, Helen, _op. cit._ p. 75. [182] Healy, J., _op. cit._ p. 104. [183] Published in Skene’s _Celtic Scotland_, II., p. 509. [184] Adamnan, _Vita S. Columbae_, Reeves Edition, p. 9. [185] Stokes and Strachan, _Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus_, I., pp. 3–483 for _Glosses on Psalms_; O’Hanlon, John, _Lives of Irish Saints_, VI., p. 286 for story of St. Columba. [186] Reeves, Wm., _Adamnan’s Life of St. Columba_, pp. 20, 22, 36, 43, 49. [187] Reeves, W., _op. cit._ pp. 343, 344. [188] Healy, John, _op. cit._ p. 103. [189] Concannon, Helen, _op. cit._ pp. 186–191. [190] Reeves, Wm., _op. cit._ pp. 343, 344. [191] Joyce, P. W., _op. cit._ I., 29, 25, 330, 332; II., 166, 167, 168, 483. [192] Reeves, Wm., _op. cit._ pp. 343, 344. [193] For translations of Early Irish Nature Poetry see Sigerson, G., _Bards of the Gael and Gall_; Meyer, Kuno, _Old Irish Poetry_; Hull, Eleanor, _Poem Book of the Gael_. [194] Healy, John, _op. cit._ pp. 102, 103. [195] Zimmer, H., _Irish Element in Mediæval Culture_, p. 102. [196] Johnson, Samuel (Dr.), in a letter to Charles O’Connor published in O’Reilly’s _Irish Writers_, pp. i., ii. Also cited in Article _Dr. Johnson and Ireland_ in _Irish Monthly_, XLVI., 538, p. 211.