An examination of Irish Monastic Rules, so far as they have come down
to us, reveals the fact that they are not identical with any Eastern
or Western Code. In the general severity of their regulations they are
found, on comparison, to resemble the former rather than the latter.
It was doubtless this austerity that caused the Irish Rules to give
way eventually before the milder Rule of St. Benedict.[85] It is
possible, however, that the ideas and literature of Gallic and Egyptian
monasticism may have influenced to some extent the development of Irish
monasticism.[86]
Whether Irish monasticism was of native origin or not there can be
little doubt that British monasticism exercised a very potent and
direct influence on its development. In an Irish document which is
generally accepted as historical, we are informed that there were Three
Orders of Saints.[87] The First Order flourished c. 440–534 A.D. Many
of the saints in this Order lived in the time of St. Patrick. They were
all bishops and founders of churches. Their number was 350 and included
Britons, Romans, Franks and Scots. The Second Order (534–572 A.D.) was
made up of few bishops and many priests: they numbered 300. Unlike the
First Order these refused the services of women separating them from
their monasteries. They received a Mass from SS. David, Gillas, and
Docus the Britons. The Third Order consisted of holy priests and a few
bishops. The number of this Order was 100; they dwelt in desert places
living mainly on herbs and water; they depended upon alms and possessed
no private property.
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