12. Carlisle; Castle Acre, Norfolk 124 13. Clifford, Hereford; Clitheroe, Lancs; Corfe, Dorset 128 14. Dover (from a plan in the British Museum, 1756) 138 15. Dunster, Somerset; Dudley, Staffs 144 16. Durham 146 17. Ely, Cambs; Ewias Harold, Hereford; Eye, Suffolk 150 18. Hastings, Sussex; Huntingdon 158 19. Launceston, Cornwall; Lewes, Sussex 164 20. Lincoln 166 21. Monmouth; Montacute, Somerset; Morpeth, Northumberland 168 22. Norham; Nottingham 172 23. Norwich (from Harrod's _Gleanings among the Castles and Convents of Norfolk_, p. 133) 174 24. Okehampton, Devon; Penwortham, Lancs; Pevensey, Sussex 178 25. Oxford (from _Oxonia Illustrata_, David Loggan, 1675) 180 26. Pontefract, Yorks; Preston Capes, Northants; Quatford, Salop 188 27. Rayleigh, Essex; Richard's Castle, Hereford 192 28. Richmond, Yorks; Rochester, Kent 194 29. Rockingham, Northants 202 30. Old Sarum, Wilts 204 31. Shrewsbury; Skipsea, Yorks 208 32. Stafford; Tamworth, Staffs; Stanton Holgate, Salop; Tickhill, Yorks 212 33. Tonbridge, Kent; Totnes, Devon 220 34. Trematon, Cornwall; Tutbury, Staffs 226 35. Wallingford, Berks 228 36. Warwick; Wigmore, Hereford 232 37. Winchester (from a plan by W. Godson, 1750) 234 38. Windsor Castle (from Ashmole's _Order of the Garter_) 236 39. York Castle and Baile Hill (from a plan by P. Chassereau, 1750) 244 40. Motte-Castles of North Wales:--Mold, Welshpool, Wrexham, Mathraval 260 41. Motte-Castles of South Wales:--Cilgerran, Blaenporth, Chastell Gwalter 282 42. Motte-Castles of South Wales:--Builth, Gemaron, Payn's Castle 290 43. Motte-Castles of South Wales:--Cardiff, Loughor 294 44. Scottish Motte-Castles:--Annan, Moffat, Duffus, Old Hermitage 310 45. Irish Motte-Castles:--Ardmayle, Downpatrick, Drogheda, Castleknock 336 THE EARLY NORMAN CASTLES OF THE BRITISH ISLES CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY