Another measure which must have been taken at the coronation, when all the recognised earls did their homage and paid their ceremonial services, seems to have been the degrading or cashiering of the supposititious earls created by Stephen and Matilda. Some of these may have obtained recognition by getting new grants; but those who lost endowment and dignity at once, like William of Ypres, the leader of the Flemish mercenaries, could make no terms. They sank to the rank from which they had been so incautiously raised. [Sidenote: Resumption of lands. ] [Sidenote: Resistance of William of Aumâle. ] [Sidenote: Surrender of the malcontents. ] The resumption of royal estates, and the restoration of the dispossessed on each side, was probably a much more difficult business than the humiliation of the earls. Doubtless the enemies of Henry’s mother would bear their reverses silently, to avoid entire ruin; or only those would think of continuing in opposition who had no hope but in terms which might be granted to pertinacious resistance; but Matilda’s supporters might well think it hard that they should be called upon to resign their hard-won gains. Still, Henry was a national king; the resumption of domain was not an Angevin conquest; it was a national restoration of the state of affairs as it stood before the beginning of the national quarrel. As a matter of fact only two or three of the nobles made any resistance. William of Aumâle, the Lord of Holderness, who had commanded at the Battle of the Standard, and who played the part of a petty king in Yorkshire, objected to surrender his great castle at Scarborough. He, of course, had been on Stephen’s side, and was, indeed, a member of the House of Champagne--the son of that Count Stephen who had been brought forward by the Norman earls as competitor with William Rufus. Of Matilda’s old friends, Hugh Mortimer, the lord of Wigmore, and Roger of Hereford, the son of Miles the Constable, declined to submit. The King of Scots too, Malcolm IV., grandson of King David and half-cousin of Henry, although the Northern counties had been held in trust for Henry, wished to retain them for himself. In January, 1155, however, Henry marched northwards and brought the Count of Aumâle to his feet. In March he was at London holding council for the restoration of peace and the confirmation of the ancient laws. He declared that neither friend nor foe should be spared. Roger of Hereford immediately surrendered. Hugh of Mortimer still held out, and did not submit until Henry had called out the national force for the capture of Bridgenorth. On exactly the same ground it was that Henry I., had won his victory over Robert of Belesme, when in 1102 he laid the axe to the tree of feudal misrule, and his subjects, rejoicing at the overthrow of the oppressor, hailed him as now for the first time a king. This was accomplished in July. And this was a permanent pacification; it was nearly twenty years