The Earth's BeginningBall, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Science
The Earth's Beginning
Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Krakatoa (Indonesia); Nebular hypothesis
We have thus obtained a plan of the solar system; but now we should like
to indicate the positions which some of the stars are to occupy on the
same scale. Let us, to begin with, see where the very nearest fixed star
is to be placed. We may suppose that the field at the centre of England,
in which our little diagram has been constructed, is a large one, so
that we can represent the places of objects which are ten or twenty
times as far from the sun as Saturn. It is, however, certain that no
actual field would be large enough to contain within its bounds the
points which would faithfully represent the positions of even the
nearest fixed stars. The whole county of Warwick would not be nearly big
enough for this purpose; indeed we may say that the whole of England, or
indeed of the United Kingdom, would not be sufficiently extensive. If we
represented the star at its true relative distance, it could not be put
down anywhere within the bounds of the United Kingdom; the nearest
object of this kind would have to be far away out on the continent of
Europe, or far away out on the Atlantic Ocean, far away down near the
equator, or far away up near the pole. This illustration will at all
events give some notion of the isolated position of the sun, with the
planets revolving around it, in relation to the rest of the host of
heaven.
We thus learn that the real scheme of the universe is widely different
from that which a superficial glance at the heavens would lead us to
expect. We are now able to put our system into its proper perspective.
We are to think of the universe as consisting of a myriad suns, each
sun, however, being so far from the other suns that viewed from any one
of its neighbours it appears only of star-like insignificance. Let us
fix our attention on one of these suns in space, and imagine that around
it, and comparatively close to it, there are a number of small particles
in revolution, the particles being illumined by the light and warmed by
the heat of the central body to which they are attached. Viewed from one
of those particles, the sun to which they belong would doubtless appear
as a great and glorious orb, while a glance from one of these particles
to any of the other myriad suns in space will show these orbs reduced to
mere points of stellar light by reason of their enormous distance. This
sun and the particles around it, by which of course we shall understand
the planets, constitute what we know as the solar system. This
illustration may suffice to show the isolation of our system in space,
and that isolation is due to the vast distances by which the sun and its
attendant worlds are separated from the myriads of other bodies which
form the sidereal heavens. We must next, so far as our present subject
requires it, consider the laws according to which the planets belonging
to that system revolve around the sun.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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