|Tilled with | 191 | 428 |Ploughs | 520 | 1044 | | the peasant’s| | | | | | | _sohá_ | | | | | | +--------------+----------+---------+--------------+----------+---------+ Backward management by capitalists is found only within the average limits from 108 to 197 dessiatines (292-532 acres), while the same methods are still practiced by noblemen so long as the estate averages from 233 to 501 dessiatines (629-1353 acres). Progress begins on capitalistic farms as soon as they reach the average of from 289 to 520 dessiatines (780-1404 acres), while on those owned by the nobility, improvement is observed only within the average limits of from 734 to 1044 dessiatines (1892-2819 acres). This plainly points to the lack of money as the only reason which prevents the petty nobleman from practicing the same methods as those applied by the capitalist as soon as he takes possession of the same estate. [176] _Districts._ _Communities._ Ranenburg 340 Dankoff 313 Ostrogozhsk 250 Zadonsk 197 Korotoyak 124 Nizhnedevitsk 161 ---- Total 1385 [177] A sweeping criticism of the policy of the Russian government with regard to agriculture is to be found in Prof. Issaiew’s article, _La Famine en Russie_, in the _Revue d’Economie Politique_, 1892, No. 7. The apologists of the “historical friendship” pattern, should carefully read Chapter III.: _Qu’est ce qui a été fait pour relever l’agriculture en Russie?_ One can there get the knowledge of some very conclusive facts which it is, of course, impossible to come across during a rapid trip through a vast country like Russia. The paper referred to should gain in authority by the fact that it was read before a meeting held at Emperor Alexander’s Lyceum of St. Petersburg, (to which only the sons of the highest dignitaries of the State or the offspring of the most aristocratic families are admitted,) and--last, not least--by the fact that it was published in France, which is now _plus Tzariste que le Tzar_. [178] _Loans granted._ _Rubles._ By the nobility’s Crédit Foncier, to January 1, 1892 328,000,000 By the Peasant’s Bank, to January 1, 1891 56,140,438 [179] “On small _crédit foncier_.” _Otechstvenniya Zapiski_ (monthly), 1883. [180] “The operations of the Peasant’s Crédit Foncier,” p. 105--_Russkaya Mysl_ (monthly), February, 1892. [181] _Ibid._, pp. 107, 108. [182] In some of the _gubernias_ failures were even more extensive: