In the translation here given I have followed the _form_ adopted by the later recension, correcting the text when necessary by the copies written in the better periods. 1. The text of the Papyrus of Ani has been taken as the basis of the translation of HYMN I. It is the only ancient text which gives the hymn in the form subsequently acknowledged as canonical. 2. The sun was represented from the earliest period, as we may see in the pyramid texts, as performing his celestial journey in a boat, which during the morning was called the _Māāṭit_ ⁂⁂⁂ and in the evening the _Sektit_ ⁂⁂. 3. The stars which _set_ were called the ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ _ȧḫmiu ureṭu_. The stars which never set, but are always above the horizon were called ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ _ȧḫmiu seku_. The word _ȧḫmiu_ has often been taken for a mere negative, but it occurs by itself with the sign of _stars_ as a determinative ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂, ⁂⁂⁂. And the whole term is written ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ (_Denkm._ III. 271_d_ _twice_). As one of the meanings of ⁂ _ḫem_ is _minuere_, and as the ordinary meaning of the Demotic ⁂⁂⁂ is “small,” like the Coptic ϣⲟⲙ = λεπτὸς, it is not improbable that the stars received this appellation on account of their tiny size as compared with the Sun and Moon. They were what Horace called the “ignes _minores_.” The Sun and Moon, as we all know, are called in Gen. i, 16, the “Two Great Lights.” 4. Both the Eastern and the Western horizon are mentioned in this chapter, but “Horus of the Two Horizons,” has no reference to this distinction. Whatever the Sun passes through or over is always conceived as double. The _Two Earths_ imply simply the Earth as divided by the passage of the Sun above it. It is to M. Grébaut that we are indebted for the discovery of this important key to many Egyptian expressions. 5. ⁂ _ḫeper_, like the German _Werden_, has primarily the sense of _turning_, hence of _becoming_. It never has the sense of _creating_. ⁂⁂ _ḫeper t’esef_ is the equivalent of the Greek αὐτογενής, like that word is sometimes used for spontaneous productions of the mineral kingdom, as salt or natron as contrasted with artificial products of the same nature. It cannot be used for plants, as they have an origin in something external to themselves. 6. _The Land of the Gods_ and _Punit_ are the countries lying east of Egypt. When it is said that gods ‘come from Punit,’ it is not meant by this that they are of Arabian origin, but simply that Sun, Moon, and Stars, and Daylight rise in the East. “Ex oriente Lux.” 7. In many places the divine name Nut has for determinative the sign ⁂. Is this an oversight on the part of the scribe, or is it one more proof that the Egyptians certainly believed in a sky below the horizon? If so, I have never seen it misplaced.