As this volume will be the grammar and dictionary to more than one or two Manuals, Floras, etc., the particular directions for procedure which were given in the "First Lessons" are now relegated to those works themselves, which in their new editions will provide the requisite explanations. On the other hand, in view of such extended use, the Glossary at the end of this book has been considerably enlarged. It will be found to include not merely the common terms of botanical description but also many which are unusual or obsolete; yet any of them may now and then be encountered. Moreover, no small number of the Latin and Greek words which form the whole or part of the commoner specific names are added to this Glossary, some in an Anglicized, others in their Latin form. This may be helpful to students with small Latin and less Greek, in catching the meaning of a botanical name or term. The illustrations in this volume are largely increased in number. They are mostly from the hand of Isaac Sprague. It happens that the title chosen for this book is that of the author's earliest publication, in the year 1836, of which copies are rarely seen; so that no inconvenience is likely to arise from the present use of the name. ASA GRAY. Cambridge, Massachusetts, _March, 1887_. CONTENTS. Page SECTION I. INTRODUCTORY 9 SECTION II. FLAX AS A PATTERN PLANT 11 Growth from the Seed, Organs of Vegetation 11 Blossoming, Flower, &c. 14 SECTION III. MORPHOLOGY OF SEEDLINGS 15 Germinating Maples 15 Cotyledons thickened, hypogæous in germination 18 Store of Food external to the Embryo 20 Cotyledons as to number 22 Dicotyledonous and Polycotyledonous 23 Monocotyledonous 24 Simple-stemmed Plants 26 SECTION IV. GROWTH FROM BUDS; BRANCHING 27 Buds, situation and kinds 27 Vigorous vegetation from strong Buds 28 Arrangement of Branches 29 Non-developed, Latent, and Accessory Buds 30 Enumeration of kinds of Buds 31 Definite and Indefinite growth; Deliquescent and Excurrent 31 SECTION V. ROOTS 33