Primary and Secondary. Contrast between Stem and Root 34 Fibrous and Fleshy Roots; names of kinds 34 Anomalous Roots. Epiphytic and Parasitic Plants 36 Duration: Annuals, Biennials, Perennials 37 SECTION VI. STEMS 38 Those above Ground: kinds and modifications 39 Subterranean Stems and Branches 42 Rootstock 42 Tuber 44 Corm 45 Bulb and Bulblets 46 Consolidated Vegetation 47 SECTION VII. LEAVES 49 § 1. LEAVES AS FOLIAGE 49 Parts and Venation 50 Forms as to general outline 52 As to apex and particular outline 53 As to lobing or division 56 Compound, Perfoliate, and Equitant Leaves 57 With no distinction of Petiole and Blade, Phyllodia, &c. 61 § 2. LEAVES OF SPECIAL CONFORMATION AND USE 62 Leaves for storage 62 Leaves as bud-scales 63 Spines 64 and for Climbing 64 Pitchers 64 and Fly-traps 65 § 3. STIPULES 66 § 4. THE ARRANGEMENT OF LEAVES 67 Phyllotaxy 67 Of Alternate Leaves 69 Of Opposite and Whorled Leaves 71 Vernation or Præfoliation 71 SECTION VIII. FLOWERS 72 § 1. POSITION AND ARRANGEMENT, INFLORESCENCE 73 Raceme 73 Corymb, Umbel, Spike, Head 74 Spadix, Catkin, or Ament 75 Panicle: Determinate Inflorescence 76 Cyme, Fascicle, Glomerule, Scorpioid or Helicoid Cymes 77 Mixed Inflorescence 78