REMSEN'S ‹Inorganic Chemistry›, Advanced Course, 1904. SMITH'S ‹General Inorganic Chemistry› (1909). SMITH'S ‹General Chemistry for Colleges› (1908). TREADWELL'S ‹Qualitative Analyse› (1902). WALKER'S ‹Introduction to Physical Chemistry› (1909). ‹Wiedemann's Ann.›—Wiedemann's Annalen der Physik und Chemie. ‹Z. analyt. Chem.›—Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie. ‹Z. anorg. Chem.›—Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie. ‹Z. für Elektrochem.›—Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie. ‹Z. phys. Chem.›—Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie. QUALITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PART I «FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES» CHAPTER I «INTRODUCTION» Qualitative chemical analysis is concerned with the determination of the kinds of matter present in any given substance. In its broadest sense it includes the determination of all kinds of matter, the elements, rare as well as common, and all their combinations, organic compounds as well as inorganic. The recognition of the presence of rare elements, such as radium, uranium, thorium, tungsten, cerium, etc., is becoming a matter of growing importance with the modern development of the subject of radioactivity and the technical exploitation of the rarer elements, and it is a common experience for an analytical chemist to be called upon to determine the presence or absence of alcohol in beverages, of formalin in milk or other foods, and not a rare experience to be obliged to make tests for the presence of alkaloids like strychnine, morphine, cocaine, or for the presence of numerous other organic compounds. In this book, however, we shall limit our material to the more common elements and their most important inorganic combinations, including only a few typical organic acids. The limitation of our experimental material will make it possible to devote special attention to the scientific principles underlying analysis, to secure a clear and definite grasp of them, and to impart with simple material such experience in the technique and methods of analysis as will train the student to apply both his theoretical and practical knowledge to any field of analysis occasion may require. Accurate qualitative analysis, [p004] in any field, will depend on the care taken in mastering the theoretical significance and the technique of the methods recommended for the specific problem before the analyst; the details of the methods themselves, in any problem involving more than elementary analysis, are sought and found by him as a matter of practice in suitable larger works, in monographs and in the original literature. With the object of suggesting this broader application of the training acquired and of cultivating the invaluable habit of the professional chemist of consulting larger works and the literature, frequent reference will be made to such larger works, and to original papers in which more special subjects of analysis or theory are elaborately treated.