Perplexities in Madrid.--Flight of Charles.--Retreat of the Austrian Army.--Stanhope's Division cut off.--Capture of Stanhope.--Staremberg assailed.--Retreat to Barcelona.--Attempt to pacify Hungary.--The Hungarian Diet.--Baronial crowning of Ragotsky.--Renewal of the Hungarian War.--Enterprise of Herbeville.--The Hungarians crushed.--Lenity of Joseph.--Death of Joseph.--Accession of Charles VI.--His career in Spain.--Capture of Barcelona.--The Siege.--The Rescue.--Character of Charles.--Cloisters of Montserrat.--Increased Efforts for the Spanish Crown.--Charles Crowned Emperor of Austria and Hungary.--Bohemia.--Deplorable Condition of Louis XIV. Page 845 CHAPTER XXIII. CHARLES VI. From 1716 to 1727. Heroic Decision of Eugene.--Battle of Belgrade.--Utter Rout of the Turks.--Possessions of Charles VI.--The Elector of Hanover succeeds to the English Throne.--Preparations for War.--State of Italy.--Philip V. of Spain.--Diplomatic Agitations.--Palace of St. Ildefonso.--Order of the Golden Fleece.--Rejection of Maria Anne.--Contest for the Rock of Gibraltar.--Dismissal of Rippeeda.--Treaty of Vienna.--Peace Concluded. Page 362 CHAPTER XXIV. CHARLES VI. AND THE POLISH WAR. From 1727 to 1735. Cardinal Fleury.--The Emperor of Austria urges the Pragmatic Sanction.--He promises his two Daughters to the two Sons of the Queen of Spain.--France, England and Spain unite against Austria.--Charles VI. issues Orders to Prepare for War.--His Perplexities.--Secret Overtures to England.--The Crown of Poland.--Meeting of the Polish Congress.-- Stanislaus goes to Poland.--Augustus III. crowned.--War.--Charles sends an Army to Lombardy.--Difficulties of Prince Eugene.--Charles's Displeasure with England.--Letter to Count Kinsky.--Hostilities Renewed. Page 878 CHAPTER XXV. CHARLES VI. AND THE TURKISH WAR RENEWED. From 1735 to 1739. Anxiety of Austrian Office-holders.--Maria Theresa.--The Duke of Lorraine.--Distraction of the Emperor.--Tuscany assigned to the Duke of Lorraine.--Death of Eugene.--Rising Greatness of Russia.--New War with the Turks.--Condition of the Army.--Commencement of Hostilities--Capture of Nissa.--Inefficient Campaign.--Disgrace of Seckendorf.--The Duke of Lorraine placed in Command.--Siege of Orsova.--Belgrade besieged by the Turks.--The third Campaign.--Battle of Crotzka.--Defeat of the Austrians.--Consternation in Vienna.--Barbarism of the Turks.--The Surrender of Belgrade. CHAPTER XXVI. MARIA THERESA. From 1739 to 1741.