The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's WorkPenny, Virginia
General
The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's Work
Penny, Virginia
Women -- Employment
=171. Men's Wear.= A gentleman in Darby, Penn., writes: "Women are
employed in factories equally with men, throughout this section of
country, as weavers. They are paid just as well, for the same kind of
labor. The employment, for aught I can see, is entirely healthy. They
receive from $18 to $25 per month of four weeks. They are paid by the
piece. It requires about three months to learn weaving, dependent upon
the facility with which the learners acquire knowledge. Learners are
never paid while receiving instruction; but on the other hand, they more
often pay their companions for the privilege of being taught.
Industrious habits and quickness of perception are essential to complete
success. By a law of Pennsylvania, sixty hours constitute a week's labor
in factories. There is neither a demand nor surplus of hands at present,
though a number of factories are in course of erection in this section
of country; but they will doubtless be filled as soon as ready, for
American women especially prefer factory to household labor. About one
half our hands are American. Women have more stability of character than
men, and are generally superior to them in the neatness with which they
bring the cloth from the looms. Board for operatives is from $8 to $9
per month."
=172. Print Works.= The Calico Print Works, New Hampshire, report: "We
employ about 24 girls. The employment is healthy. We pay girls about
fourteen years old, thirty-three cents a day for 10½ hours in summer; in
winter they work till dark, averaging ten hours. To girls about twenty
years old, we pay fifty cents per day. The men and women do different
work. The prospect of future employment is good. Hands work all the year
the same. The price of good board is from $1.25 to $1.50 per week." The
agent of the Pacific Print Works, Lawrence, Mass., gives the following
reply to inquiries: "We employ one thousand women in carding, spinning,
spooling, warping, and weaving, on sewing machines, sewing by hand,
measuring, knotting, ticketing, &c. The employment is generally healthy,
but the workers are more or less exposed to bad air and to dust. They
are paid from twenty-five cents to $1 per day, according to age or
skill. They work from ten to eleven hours per day. Some work but 5½
days, from choice. It would doubtless be a pecuniary loss to shorten the
hours. Women are as well paid here, generally, as men, when comparative
strength and power of endurance are considered. It requires from three
to twelve months to learn. While learning, they usually receive enough
to pay their board. The more strength and intelligence they have, the
better. The prospect for this employment is good. They work during all
seasons. Women are not usually as well fitted as men to attend large
machines, but are better for smaller ones. From three hundred to four
hundred of our women are continual readers of our library. They pay
$1.50 per week for board. It is as good, for the class of people to be
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