The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's WorkPenny, Virginia
General
The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's Work
Penny, Virginia
Women -- Employment
accommodated, as any I ever saw." The agent of the print works,
Manchester, N. H., writes: "Women are employed in all departments. They
average sixty-five cents a day, and work eleven hours. They are paid by
the piece, and at the same rate as the men. It requires from one to four
weeks to learn. This kind of business is increasing. There is a demand
all through New England for female labor in our branch of business. We
employ 1,200, and three fourths are American. They are more steady than
men. Some of our girls go West to teach, and some teach here. They have
separate boarding houses, and pay $1.37 per week, including washing and
lights. The houses are kept with as much order as any female school. No
operative is received until they certify that they will comply with the
regulations," a copy of which we examined, and found to be very good.
From the print works at Haverstraw, N. Y., we receive the following
information: "Women are employed in sewing, measuring calico, and in the
engraving department, in running the pantograph machines, which dispense
entirely with hand engraving, die making, and machine engraving. Women
are employed in England, but only partially in other European countries.
The women earn from $2 to $4 per week. Men receive double the pay of
women: I know of no reason but usage. Only a few weeks are necessary to
become proficient in our work, except in the engraving department. Men
serve seven years to learn the art of engraving and printing. Women
learn to trace by the pantograph in three months; become proficient in
one year. Ability and good judgment are necessary. The prospect for the
employment of females is good in many other departments, particularly
_designing_. We are decided that females could successfully acquire the
art and trade of designing and drawing patterns for calico. Wages of
males for this work are from $10 to $40 per week--few at the former,
more at $20. Ten hours constitute a day. The time could be shortened an
hour or two without loss. We employ about forty females, because their
labor is cheaper, and they are more reliable. We find women superior in
all branches in which they are employed. The trade society forbids their
employment in other parts of the work. Ability to read and write are
indispensable in some departments. Men pay for board, $3; women, $1.50."
The Suffolk print works pay by the piece, and average eighty cents per
day. One of the proprietors at the print works in Pawtucket, Mass.,
writes: "Women are employed in tracing pantograph designs, and receive
from fifty to sixty-seven cents per day. We have one woman who does a
man's work at folding, and is paid a man's wages. The work is soon
learned, with ordinary capacity. A good physical condition is needed.
There is prospect for employment as long as calicoes are used. Cool
seasons are the best for work--in very warm weather, work is suspended a
short time. We employ fifty. The work is light and clean. The number of
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