196. Preliminary remarks 141 197. Vowels and consonants 143 198. Divisions of articulate sounds 143 199. Explanation of terms 143 _Sharp_ and _flat_ 143 _Continuous_ and _explosive_ 144 200. General statements 144 201. _H_ no articulation 144 CHAPTER II. SYSTEM OF ARTICULATE SOUNDS. 202. System of vowels 145 _['e]_ ferm['e], ['o] _chiuso_, _ue_ German 145 203. System of mutes 145 Lenes and aspirates 146 204. Affinities of the liquids 147 205. Diphthongs 147 206. Compound sibilants 148 207. _Ng_ 148 208-210. Further explanation of terms 148-150 211. System of vowels 150 212. System of mutes 150 213. Varieties 150 214. Connection in phonetics 151 CHAPTER III. ON CERTAIN COMBINATIONS OF ARTICULATE SOUNDS. 215. Unpronounceable combinations 152 216. Unstable combinations 153 217. Effect of _y_ 153 218, 219. Evolution of new sounds 153, 154 220. Value of a sufficient system of sounds 154 {xxv} 221. Double consonants rare 154 222. Reduplications of consonants rare 155 223. True aspirates rare 155 CHAPTER IV. EUPHONY; THE PERMUTATION AND TRANSITION OF LETTERS. 224. Euphonic change exhibited 157 225. The _rationale_ of it 157 226. The combinations _-mt_, _-nt_ 158 227. The combination _-pth_ 158 228. Accommodation of vowels 158 229. Permutation of letters 159 230. Transition of letters 160 CHAPTER V. ON THE FORMATION OF SYLLABLES. 231. Distribution of consonants between two syllables 161 CHAPTER VI. ON QUANTITY.