These forms in M may or may not be derived from the pronoun of the first person; _m[^a]_, Sanskrit; _me_, Latin, English, &c. _Second person singular._--The original sign S. _Dadasi_, Sanskrit; [Greek: didos], Greek; _das_, Latin; _dasi_, Slavonic. Preserved in the Gothic languages. _Plural._--The original sign T, or an allied sound. _Dadyata_, Sanskrit; _daidhy[^a]ta_, Zend; [Greek: didote], Greek; _datis_, Latin; _d[ou]kite_, Lithuanic; _dashdite_, Slavonic=_ye give_. Current in the Gothic languages. These forms in T and S may or may not be derived from the pronoun of the second person; _tva_, Sanskrit; [Greek: su], Greek; _thou_, English. _Third person singular._---The original sign T. _Dadati_, Sanskrit; _dadh[^a]iti_, Zend; [Greek: didoti], Old Greek; _dat_, Latin; _d[ou]sti_, Lithuanic; _dasty_, Slavonic=_he gives_. Preserved in the Gothic languages. _Plural._--The original sign NT. _Dadenti_, Zend; [Greek: didonti], afterwards [Greek: didousi], Greek; _dant_, Latin=_they give_. In Moeso-Gothic and Old High German. The preceding examples are from Grimm and Bopp. To them add the Welsh form _carant_=_they love_, and the Persian _budend_=_they are_. {297} The forms in T and NT may or may not be derived from the demonstrative pronoun _ta_, Saxon; [Greek: to], Greek; _that_, English, &c. s. 350. The present state of the personal inflection in English, so different from that of the older languages, has been brought about by two processes. I. _Change of form._--^a) The ejection of _-es_ in _-mes_, as in _s[^o]kjam_ and _koellum_, compared with _prennames_; ^b) the ejection of _-m_, as in the first person singular, almost throughout; ^c) the change of _-s_ into _-r_, as in the Norse _kallar_, compared with the Germanic _s[^o]keis_; ^d) the ejection of _-d_ from _-nd_, as in _loven_ (if this be the true explanation of that form) compared with _prennant_; ^e) the ejection of _-nd_, as in _kalla_; ^f) the addition of _-t_, as in _lufast_ and _lovest_. In all these cases we have a change of form. II. _Confusion or extension._--In vulgarisms like _I goes_, _I is_, one person is used instead of another. In vulgarisms like _I are_, _we goes_, one number is used instead of another. In vulgarisms like _I be tired_, or _if I am tired_, one mood is used instead of another. In vulgarisms like _I give_ for _I gave_, one tense is used for another. In all this there is confusion. There is also extension: since, in the phrase _I is_, the third person is used instead of the first; in other words, it is used with an extension of its natural meaning. It has the power of the third person + that of the first. In the course of time one person may entirely supplant, supersede, or replace another. The application of this is as follows:--