11. Fourthly, some names are of _certain_ and _determined_, others of _uncertain_ and _undetermined_ signification. Of _determined_ and _certain_ signification is, first, that name which is given to any one thing by itself, and is called an _individual name_; as _Homer_, _this tree_, _that living creature_, &c. Secondly that which has any of these words, _all_, _every_, _both_, _either_, or the like added to it; and it is therefore called an universal name, because it signifies every one of those things to which it is common; and of _certain_ signification for this reason, that he which hears, conceives in his mind the same thing that he which speaks would have him conceive. Of _indefinite_ signification is, first, that name which has the word _some_, or the like added to it, and is called a _particular name_; secondly, a common name set by itself without any note either of universality or particularity, as _man_, _stone_, and is called an _indefinite name_; but both _particular_ and _indefinite_ names are of uncertain signification, because the hearer knows not what thing it is the speaker would have him conceive; and therefore in speech, particular and indefinite names are to be esteemed equivalent to one another. But these words, _all_, _every_, _some_, _&c._ which denote universality and particularity, are not names, but parts only of names; so that _every man_, and _that man which the hearer conceives in his mind_, are all one; and _some man_, and _that man which the speaker thought of_, signify the same. From whence it is evident, that the use of signs of this kind, is not for a man's own sake, or for his getting of knowledge by his own private meditation (for every man has his own thoughts sufficiently determined without such helps as these) but for the sake of others; that is, for the teaching and signifying of our conceptions to others; nor were they invented only to make us remember, but to make us able to discourse with others. [Sidenote: Names univocal and equivocal.] 12. Fifthly, names are usually distinguished into _univocal_ and _equivocal_. _Univocal_ are those which in the same train of discourse signify always the same thing; but _equivocal_ those which mean sometimes one thing and sometimes another. Thus, the name _triangle_ is said to be _univocal_, because it is always taken in the same sense; and _parabola_ to be _equivocal_, for the signification it has sometimes of allegory or similitude, and sometimes of a certain geometrical figure. Also every _metaphor_ is by profession _equivocal_. But this distinction belongs not so much to names, as to those that use names, for some use them properly and accurately for the finding out of truth; others draw them from their proper sense, for ornament or deceit. [Sidenote: Absolute and relative names.]