The Epidemics of the Middle AgesHecker, J. F. C. (Justus Friedrich Carl)
History
The Epidemics of the Middle Ages
Hecker, J. F. C. (Justus Friedrich Carl)
Black Death; Epidemics -- History; Hysteria, Epidemic
The dancing fits of a certain Capuchin friar in Tarentum excited so
much curiosity, that Cardinal Cajetano proceeded to the monastery,
that he might see with his own eyes what was going on. As soon as the
monk, who was in the midst of his dance, perceived the spiritual prince
clothed in his red garments, he no longer listened to the Tarantella
of the musicians, but with strange gestures endeavoured to approach
the Cardinal, as if he wished to count the very threads of his scarlet
robe, and to allay his intense longing by its odour. The interference
of the spectators, and his own respect, prevented his touching it, and
thus the irritation of his senses not being appeased, he fell into a
state of such anguish and disquietude, that he presently sank down in a
swoon, from which he did not recover until the Cardinal compassionately
gave him his cape. This he immediately seized in the greatest ecstacy,
and pressed now to his breast, now to his forehead and cheeks, and then
again commenced his dance as if in the frenzy of a love fit[270].
At the sight of colours which they disliked, patients flew into the
most violent rage, and, like the St. Vitus’s dancers when they saw red
objects, could scarcely be restrained from tearing the clothes of those
spectators who raised in them such disagreeable sensations[271].
Another no less extraordinary symptom was the ardent longing for the
sea which the patients evinced. As the St. John’s dancers of the
fourteenth century saw, in the spirit, the heavens open and display
all the splendour of the saints, so did those who were suffering under
the bite of the Tarantula feel themselves attracted to the boundless
expanse of the blue ocean, and lost themselves in its contemplation.
Some songs, which are still preserved, marked this peculiar longing,
which was moreover expressed by significant music, and was excited even
by the bare mention of the sea[272]. Some, in whom this susceptibility
was carried to the greatest pitch, cast themselves with blind fury into
the blue waves[273], as the St. Vitus’s dancers occasionally did into
rapid rivers. This condition, so opposite to the frightful state of
hydrophobia, betrayed itself in others only in the pleasure afforded
them by the sight of clear water in glasses. These they bore in their
hands while dancing, exhibiting at the same time strange movements,
and giving way to the most extravagant expressions of their feelings.
They were delighted also when, in the midst of the space allotted for
this exercise, more ample vessels, filled with water, and surrounded by
rushes and water plants, were placed, in which they bathed their heads
and arms with evident pleasure[274]. Others there were who rolled about
on the ground, and were, by their own desire, buried up to the neck in
the earth, in order to alleviate the misery of their condition, not to
mention an endless variety of other symptoms which showed the perverted
action of the nerves.
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