We have a principle (here) [continues Marshall], which leaves the power of taxing the people and property of a State unimpaired; which leaves to a State the command of all its resources, and which places beyond its reach all these powers which are conferred by the people of the United States on the government of the Union, and all these means which are given for the purpose of carrying these powers into execution. We have a principle which is safe for the States and safe for the Union.... The people of the United States did not design to make their government dependent on the States. The government of the Union possesses general powers of taxation.... The people of all the States and the States themselves are represented in Congress, and by their representatives exercise this power. When they tax the chartered institutions of the States, they tax their constituents and these taxes must be uniform.[14] But when a State taxes the operations of the government of the United States, it acts upon institutions created not by their own constituents, but by people over whom they claim no control. It acts upon the measures of a government created by others, as well as themselves; for the benefit of others in common with themselves. The difference is that which always exists, and always must exist, between the action of the whole on a part, and the action of a part on the whole, between the laws of a government declared to be supreme, and these of a government which, when in opposition to those laws, is not supreme.... In America, the powers of sovereignty are divided between the government of the Union and those of the States. They are each sovereign with respect to the objects committed to the other.[15] Plainly the essential matter here is one of functions. Neither the government of the United States nor that of a State is sovereign, for each possesses only delegated powers. But the powers delegated to the two governments are not for all purposes the same, or of equal extent. The two governments have different jurisdictions. Distinctively federal functions are not State functions, as, for example, the distinctively Federal functions of coining money, making treaties, and declaring war.[16] On the other hand, distinctively State functions are the exercise of the police power of the State,[17] the control of intrastate commerce, the power of extradition between States,[18] the validity in a State of the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of another State[19] and the right of citizens of each State to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.[20]