The Ethics of Diet: A Catena of Authorities Deprecatory of the Practice of Flesh EatingWilliams, Howard
Philosophy
The Ethics of Diet: A Catena of Authorities Deprecatory of the Practice of Flesh Eating
Williams, Howard
Diet; Vegetarianism
His next publication of importance was his _Million of Facts and
Correct Data and Elementary Constants in the entire Circle of the
Sciences, and on all Subjects of Speculation and Practice_ (1832) 8vo.
It is this work by which, perhaps, Phillips is now most known--an
immense collection and, although many of the “Constants” may be open
to criticism or have already become obsolete, it may still be examined
with interest. The plan of the work is that of a classified collection
of scraps of information on all the arts and sciences. It was so
popular that five large editions were published in seven years. His
preface to the stereotyped edition is dated 1839. He remarks that
“his pretensions for such a task are a prolonged and uninterrupted
intercourse with books and men of letters. He has, for forty-nine
years, been occupied as the literary conductor of various public
journals of reputation; he has superintended the press in the printing
of many hundred books in every branch of human pursuit, and he has been
intimately associated with men celebrated for their attainments in each
of them.” In the facts concerning anatomy and physiology will be found
references to scientific and other authorities upon the subject of
flesh-eating.
Occasionally we meet with biographical facts of special interest.
Thus, he says that, early in 1825, he suggested the first idea of the
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge to Dr. Birkbeck and then,
by his advice, to Lord Brougham. His idea was the establishment of a
fund for selling or giving away books and tracts, after the manner of
the Religious Tract Society. As regards his astronomic paradoxes, his
theory, in opposition to the Newtonian, that the phenomena attributed
to gravitation are, in reality, the “proximate effects of the orbicular
and rotatory motions of the earth” (for which he was severely
criticised by Professor De Morgan), exhibits at least the various
activity, if not the invariable infallibility, of his mental powers.
A work of equal interest with a _Million of Facts_ is his next
compilation--_A Dictionary of the Arts of Life and Civilisation_
(1833). Under the article _Diet_ he well remarks:--
“Some regard it as a purely _egotistical_ question whether men live
on flesh or on vegetables. But others mix with it moral feelings
towards animals. If theory prescribed _human_ flesh, the former
party would lie in wait to devour their brethren; but the latter,
regarding the value of life to all that breathe, consider that,
even in a balance of argument, feelings of sympathy ought to turn
the scale.... We see all the best animal and social qualities in
mere vegetable-feeders.... Beasts of prey are necessarily solitary
and fearful, even of one another. Physiologists, themselves
carnivorous, differ on the subject, but they never take into
account _moral_ considerations.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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