It may not be superfluous to draw attention to the fact that what we
have here outlined is the method of the _Phaedrus_ itself. The dialectic
appears in the dispute about love. The current thesis that love is
praiseworthy is countered by the antithesis that love is blameworthy.
This position is fully developed in the speech of Lysias and in the first
speech of Socrates. But this position is countered by a new thesis
that after all love is praiseworthy because it is a divine thing. Of
course, this is love on a higher level, or love re-defined. This is the
regular process of transcendence which we have noted before. Now, having
rescued love from the imputation of evil by excluding certain things
from its definition, what does Socrates do? Quite in accordance with our
analysis, he turns rhetorician. He tries to make this love as attractive
as possible by bringing in the splendid figure of the charioteer.[14] In
the narrower conception of this art, the allegory is the rhetoric, for
it excites and fills us with desire for this kind of love, depicted with
many terms having tendency toward the good. But in the broader conception
the art must include also the dialectic, which succeeded in placing love
in the category of divine things before filling our imaginations with
attributes of divinity.[15] It is so regularly the method of Plato to
follow a subtle analysis with a striking myth that it is not unreasonable
to call him the master rhetorician. This goes far to explain why those
who reject his philosophy sometimes remark his literary art with mingled
admiration and annoyance.
The objection sometimes made that rhetoric cannot be used by a lover
of truth because it indulges in “exaggerations” can be answered as
follows. There is an exaggeration which is mere wantonness, and with
this the true rhetorician has nothing to do. Such exaggeration is purely
impressionistic in aim. Like caricature, whose only object is to amuse,
it seizes upon any trait or aspect which could produce titillation
and exploits this without conscience. If all rhetoric were like this,
we should have to grant that rhetoricians are persons of very low
responsibility and their art a disreputable one. But the rhetorician we
have now defined is not interested in sensationalism.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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