Produced by Colin Bell, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) THE ETHNOLOGY OF EUROPE. THE ETHNOLOGY OF EUROPE. BY R. G. LATHAM, M.D., ETC. [Illustration: colophon] LONDON: JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW. M.DCCC.LII. LONDON: Printed by SAMUEL BENTLEY and Co., Bangor House, Shoe Lane. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Preliminary Observations.--The Physical Peculiarities of Europe.--General Sketch of its Ethnology.--Statement of Problems.--The Skipetar, or Albanians.--Their Language, Descent.--The Four Tribes.--How far a Pure Stock.--Elements of Intermixture......1 CHAPTER II. Spain and Portugal.--The Euskaldunac, or Basques.--The Iberian Stock.--The Turdetanian Civilization.--Phœnician, Roman, Vandal, Gothic Elements.--Keltiberians.--The Original Keltæ Iberians.--The Word “Keltic” of Iberian Origin.--The Arab Conquest.--Expulsion of the Arabs.--The Jews of Spain.--Gipsies.--Physical and Moral Characteristics of the Modern Spaniards.--Portugal......21 CHAPTER III. France.--Iberian Blood in Gaul as well as the Spanish Peninsula.--Iberians of Gascony, &c.--Ligurians.--How far Keltic.--Bodencus.--Intermixture.--Roman, German, Arab.--Alsatia.--Lorraine.--Franche-Comté.--Burgundy, Southern, Western, and Northern France.--Character of the Kelts.--The Albigensian Crusade.--Belgium.--Its Elements.--Keltic, German, and Roman.--Switzerland.--Helvetia.--Romance, French, and German Languages......47 CHAPTER IV. Italy.--Ligurians.--Etruscans.--Venetians and Liburnians.--Umbrians.--Ausonians.--Latins.--Earliest Populations of North-Eastern Italy.--South Italians.--Italian Origin of the Greeks.--Sicilians.--Elements of Admixture.--Herulian.--Gothic.--Lombard.--Arab.--Norman.--Analytical Sketch of the Population of Modern Italy......80 CHAPTER V. Importance of Clearness of Idea respecting the Import of the Word “Race.”--The Pelasgi.--Area of Homeric Greece.--Acarnania not Hellenic.--The Dorians.--Egyptian, Semitic, and other Influences.--Historical Greece.--Macedonians.--Greece under Rome and Byzantium.--Inroads of Barbarians.--The Slavonic Conquest.--Recent Elements of Admixture......125 CHAPTER VI.