The beach contains no trace of the northern fauna found in the Sicilian stage; instead it is marked by an assemblage of mollusca of a sub-tropical aspect, including _Strombus bubonius_, _Mytilus senegalensis_ and _Cardita senegalensis_. The bones of large mammals are also found, including the hippopotamus and southern forms of elephant (_E. antiquus_) and rhinoceros (_Rh. merckii_). This warm stage corresponds to the Chellean interglacial fauna of northern Europe, though so far as I am aware no Chellean implements have been found associated with it. About this time the Older Limestone Agglomerate of Gibraltar had been worn into caves, in which are found the bones of ibex, wild boar, leopard, spotted hyena, _Rhinocerus leptorhinus_, _Elephas meridionalis_, lion, southern lynx, bear, wolf, stag, horse, etc., so that the rock must have been covered by a rich vegetation, and must have had a greater extent than now, and a connexion with the continent of Africa. This is said to have been followed by a submergence of about 700 feet with numerous oscillations. This submergence, if it is really attributable to the interglacial, must have been extremely local, and possibly it is much older. After the warm Chellean period the Mediterranean region rose again, probably contemporaneously with the rise which caused the Rissian glaciation of northern Europe. But the climate was nothing like so severe as in the Sicilian. We have no old beaches containing a molluscan fauna of this period, but at the Grotte au Prince near Mentone, investigated by M. Boule, the _Strombus_ beach is overlain by a bed of cemented pebbles and “hearths” containing Mousterian implements and bones of a temperate fauna. The Newer Limestone Agglomerate on the east of Gibraltar may have been formed during this period. The Mediterranean lands remained above their present level until the close of the Glacial period.