Cyto-: (in compounds) pertaining to the cell (_cytos_); hence:— Cytoblast: the nucleus of the cell. Cytodes: cell-like bodies, imperfect cells. Cytoplasm: the matter of the body of the cell. Cytosoma: the body (_soma_) of the cell. Cryptorchism: abnormal retention of the testicles in the body. Deutoplasm: see Plasm. Dualism: the belief in the existence of two entirely distinct principles (such as matter and spirit). Dysteleology: the science of those features in organisms which refute the “design-argument”. Ectoderm: the outer (_ekto_) layer of the embryo. Entoderm: the inner (_ento_) layer of the embryo. Epiderm: the outer layer of the skin. Epigenesis: the theory of gradual development of organs in the embryo. Epiphysis: the third or central eye in the early vertebrates. Episoma: see Soma. Epithelia: tissues covering the surface of parts of the body (such as the mouth, etc.) Gonads: the sexual glands. Gonochorism: separation of the male and female sexes. Gonotomes: sections of the sexual glands. Gynecomast: a male with the breasts (_masta_) of a woman (_gyne_). Hepatic: pertaining to the liver (_hepar_). Holoblastic: embryos in which the animal and vegetal cells divide equally (_holon_ = whole). Hypermastism: the possession of more than the normal breasts (_masta_). Hypobranchial: underneath (_hypo_) the gills. Hypophysis: sensitive-offshoot from the brain in the vertebrate. Hyposoma: see Soma. Lecith-: pertaining to the yelk (_lecithus_); hence:— Centrolecithal: eggs with the yelk in the centre. Lecithoma: the yelk-sac. Telolecithal: eggs with the yelk at one end. Meroblastic: cleaving in part (_meron_) only. Meta-: (in compounds) the “after” or secondary stage; hence:— Metagaster: the secondary or permanent gut (_gaster_). Metaplasm: secondary or differentiated plasm. Metastoma: the secondary or permanent mouth (_stoma_). Metazoa: the higher or later animals, made up of many cells. Metovum: the mature or advanced ovum. Metamera: the segments into which the embryo breaks up. Metamerism: the segmentation of the embryo. Monera: the most primitive of the unicellular organisms. Monism: belief in the fundamental unity of all things. Morphology: the science of organic forms (generally equivalent to anatomy). Myotomes: segments into which the muscles break up. Nephra: the kidneys; hence:— Nephridia: the rudimentary kidney-organs. Nephrotomes: the segments of the developing kidneys. Ontogeny: the science of the development of the individual (generally equivalent to embryology). Perigenesis: the genesis of the movements in the vital particles. Phagocytes: cells that absorb food (_phagein_ = to eat). Phylogeny: the science of the evolution of species (_phyla_). Planocytes: cells that move about (_planein_).