Produced by Adrian Mastronardi, Graeme Mackreth and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) THE EVOLUTION OF STATES AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH POLITICS _BY THE SAME AUTHOR._ ESSAYS TOWARDS A CRITICAL METHOD. NEW ESSAYS TOWARDS A CRITICAL METHOD. WINNOWINGS FROM WORDSWORTH. WALT WHITMAN: An Appreciation. MONTAIGNE AND SHAKESPEARE. (Second Edition, with additional Essays on cognate subjects.) BUCKLE AND HIS CRITICS: a Sociological Study. THE SAXON AND THE CELT: a Sociological Study. MODERN HUMANISTS: Essays on Carlyle, Mill, Emerson, Arnold, Ruskin, and Spencer. (Fourth Edition.) THE FALLACY OF SAVING: a Study in Economics. THE EIGHT HOURS QUESTION: a Study in Economics. (Second Edition.) THE DYNAMICS OF RELIGION: an Essay in English Culture-History. By "M.W. Wiseman." A SHORT HISTORY OF FREETHOUGHT, Ancient and Modern. (Second Edition: 2 vols.) PATRIOTISM AND EMPIRE. (Third Edition.) STUDIES IN RELIGIOUS FALLACY. WRECKING THE EMPIRE. A SHORT HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY. CHRISTIANITY AND MYTHOLOGY. (Second Edition.) CRITICISMS. 2 vols. TENNYSON AND BROWNING AS TEACHERS. ESSAYS IN ETHICS. ESSAYS IN SOCIOLOGY. 2 vols. LETTERS ON REASONING. (Second Edition.) DID SHAKESPEARE WRITE "TITUS ANDRONICUS"? PIONEER HUMANISTS: Essays on Machiavelli, Bacon, Hobbes, Spinoza, Shaftesbury, Mandeville, Gibbon, and Mary Wollstonecraft. TRADE AND TARIFFS. COURSES OF STUDY. CHAMBERLAIN: A STUDY. PAPERS FOR THE PEOPLE. CHARLES BRADLAUGH. By Mrs. Bradlaugh Bonner. Part II. by J.M.R. PAGAN CHRISTS: Studies in Comparative Hierology. (Second Edition, Revised and Expanded.) THE MEANING OF LIBERALISM. THE EVOLUTION OF STATES AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH POLITICS BY J.M. ROBERTSON LONDON: WATTS & CO., 17 JOHNSON'S COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C. 1912 "The sociologist has three main quests--first, he must try to discover the conditions that determine mere aggregation and concourse. Secondly, he must try to discover the law that governs social choices--the law, that is, of the subjective process. Thirdly, he must try to discover also the law that governs the natural selection and the survival of choices--the law, that is, of the objective process." --_Professor Giddings._ CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE vii PART I. POLITICAL FORCES IN ANCIENT HISTORY CHAP. I.--THE SUBJECT-MATTER 1 II.--ROMAN POLITICAL EVOLUTION 8 III.--GREEK POLITICAL EVOLUTION 36 IV.--THE LAWS OF SOCIO-POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT 54 PART II. ECONOMIC FORCES IN ANCIENT HISTORY