[Footnote 48: A writer in many respects instructive (W. Warde Fowler, _The City State of the Greeks and Romans_, 1893, p. 194), in pursuance of the thesis that "the Romans" had an "innate political wisdom" and an "inborn genius" for accommodation, speaks of the process of democratic self-assertion and aristocratic concession as "leaving no bad blood behind," this when social disease was spreading all round. The theorem of "national genius" will suffice to impair any exposition, however judicious otherwise. And this is the fundamental flaw in the argument of Bagehot in _Physics and Politics_. Though he notes the possibility of the objection that he is positing "occult qualities" (p. 24), he never eliminates that objection, falling back as he does on an assumed "gift" in "the Romans" (p. 81), instead of asking how an activity was evoked and fostered.] [Footnote 49: Cp. the _Politics_, i, 6.] [Footnote 50: Cp. Professor Pelham's _Outline of Roman History_, 1893, p. 197; Mérimée, _Guerre Sociale_, pp. 217, 220.] [Footnote 51: _Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains, et de leur décadence_, ch. xi. He refers to the many cases in point in modern European history.] [Footnote 52: Dio Cassius, xlvii, 14; xlviii, 6; Appian, _Bell. Civ._ iv, 3; v, 5, 22.] [Footnote 53: See below, p. 30, as to Carthage.] [Footnote 54: Schwegler, _Römische Geschichte_, i, 269.] [Footnote 55: _Idem_, i, 272-73.] [Footnote 56: See Livy, xxxiii, 36, as to the _conjuratio servorum_ throughout Etruria in 557 A.U.C.] [Footnote 57: Schwegler, i, 270, 275.] [Footnote 58: Compare the slave wars of Rome in Sicily with the modern disorders (1892) in the same region, and with Aristotle's testimony as to the constant tendency of the slave populations in Greece to conspire against their owners (_Politics_, ii, 9).] [Footnote 59: Juvenal, _Sat._ vi, 368, 593-96; Ovid, _Amor_. 1. ii, elegg. 13, 14. It is uncertain whether among the ancients any prudential preventive check was thought of. On the whole question see Malthus' fourteenth chapter. Malthus, however, omits to notice that the Romans probably learned the arts of abortion from the Greeks, Egyptians, and Syrians.] [Footnote 60: Ovid speaks of the many women killed, _Amor._ ii. xiv, 38.] [Footnote 61: Malthus cites Tacitus, _De Mor. Germanorum_, c. 19; Minucius Felix, c. 30; Pliny, _Hist. Nat._ xxix, 4.]