The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
The generality are so bewitched with the usefulness and excellency
of them, that whoever dares openly oppose them is in danger of being
stoned by the rabble. Children that are taught the principles of
religion, and can read the word of God, have a greater opportunity
to improve in virtue and good morality, and must certainly be more
civilized than others, that are suffered to run at random, and
have nobody to look after them. How perverse must be the judgment
of those, who would not rather see children decently dressed, with
clean linen at least once a-week, that, in an orderly manner, follow
their master to church, than in every open place, meet with a company
of blackguards without shirts or any thing whole about them, that,
insensible of their misery, are continually increasing it with oaths
and imprecations! Can any one doubt but these are the great nursery of
thieves and pickpockets? What numbers of felons, and other criminals,
have we tried and convicted every sessions! This will be prevented by
charity-schools; and when the children of the poor receive a better
education, the society will, in a few years, reap the benefit of it,
and the nation be cleared of so many miscreants, as now this great
city, and all the country about it, are filled with.
This is the general cry, and he that speaks the least word against
it, an uncharitable, hard-hearted and inhuman, if not a wicked,
profane, and atheistical wretch. As to the comeliness of the sight,
nobody disputes it; but I would not have a nation pay too dear for
so transient a pleasure; and if we might set aside the finery of the
show, every thing that is material in this popular oration might soon
be answered.
As to religion, the most knowing and polite part of a nation have
every where the least of it; craft has a greater hand in making rogues
than stupidity, and vice, in general, is nowhere more predominant
than where arts and sciences flourish. Ignorance is, to a proverb,
counted to be the mother of devotion; and it is certain, that we shall
find innocence and honesty nowhere more general than among the most
illiterate, the poor silly country people. The next to be considered,
are the manners and civility that by charity-schools are to be grafted
into the poor of the nation. I confess that, in my opinion, to be in
any degree possessed of what I named, is a frivolous, if not a hurtful
quality, at least nothing is less requisite in the laborious poor. It
is not compliments we want of them, but their work and assiduity. But I
give up this article with all my heart; good manners we will say are
necessary to all people, but which way will they be furnished with
them in a charity-school? Boys there may be taught to pull off their
caps promiscuously to all they meet, unless it be a beggar: But that
they should acquire in it any civility beyond that I cannot conceive.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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