The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
There is above three or four hundred years work, for a hundred
thousand poor more than we have in this island. To make every part
of it useful, and the whole thoroughly inhabited, many rivers are
to be made navigable; canals to be cut in hundreds of places. Some
lands are to be drained and secured from inundations for the future:
abundance of barren soil is to be made fertile, and thousands of
acres rendered more beneficial, by being made more accessible. Dii
laboribus omnia vendunt. There is no difficulty of this nature,
that labour and patience cannot surmount. The highest mountains may
be thrown into their valleys that stand ready to receive them; and
bridges might be laid where now we would not dare to think of it. Let
us look back on the stupendous works of the Romans, more especially
their highways and aqueducts. Let us consider in one view the vast
extent of several of their roads, how substantial they made them,
and what duration they have been of; and in another a poor traveller
that at every ten miles end is stopped by a turnpike, and dunned for
a penny for mending the roads in the summer, with what every body
knows will be dirt before the winter that succeeds is expired.
The conveniency of the public ought ever to be the public care, and
no private interest of a town, or a whole country, should ever hinder
the execution of a project or contrivance that would manifestly tend
to the improvement of the whole; and every member of the legislature,
who knows his duty. and would choose rather to act like a wise man,
than curry favour with his neighbours, will prefer the least benefit
accruing to the whole kingdom, to the most visible advantage of the
place he serves for.
We have materials of our own, and want neither stone nor timber to do
any thing; and was the money that people give uncompelled to beggars,
who do not deserve it, and what every housekeeper is obliged to pay
to the poor of his parish, that is other wise employed or ill-applied,
to be put together every year, it would make a sufficient fund to keep
a great many thousands at work. I do not say this because I think it
practicable, but only to show that we have money enough to spare,
to employ vast multitudes of labourers; neither should we want so
much for it as we perhaps might imagine. When it is taken for granted,
that a soldier, whose strength and vigour is to be kept up at least as
much as any body's, can live upon sixpence a-day, I cannot conceive
the necessity of giving the greatest part of the year, sixteen and
eighteen pence to a day-labourer.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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