The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
Hor. To enter into an argument concerning the possibility of what
you say, might occasion a long dispute; but the probability, I think,
is very clear against you, and if there was such a man, it would be
much more credible, that he acted from the excellency of his nature,
in which so many virtues and rare endowments were assembled, than that
all his good qualities sprung from vicious motives. If pride could
be the cause of all this, the effect of it would sometimes appear
in others. According to your system, there is no scarcity of it, and
there are men of great parts and prodigious estates all over Europe:
why are there not several such patterns to be seen up and down,
as you have drawn as one; and why is it so very seldom, that many
virtues and good qualities are seen to meet in one individual?
Cleo. Why so few persons, though there are so many men of
immense fortune, ever arrive at any thing like this high pitch of
accomplishments; there are several reasons that are very obvious. In
the first place, men differ in temperament: some are naturally
of an active, stirring; others of an indolent, quiet disposition;
some of a bold, others of a meek spirit. In the second, it is to
be considered, that this temperament in men come to maturity is
more or less conspicuous, according as it has been either checked
or encouraged by education. Thirdly, that on these two depend the
different perception men have of happiness, according to which the love
of glory determines them different ways. Some think it the greatest
felicity to govern and rule over others: some take the praise of
bravery and undauntedness in dangers to be the most valuable: others,
erudition, and to be a celebrated author: so that, though they all love
glory, they set out differently to acquire it. But a man who hates a
bustle, and is naturally of a quiet easy temper, and which has been
encouraged in him by education, it is very likely might think nothing
more desirable than the character of a fine gentleman; and if he did,
I dare say that he would endeavour to behave himself pretty near
the pattern I have given you; I say pretty near, because I may have
been mistaken in some things, and as I have not touched upon every
thing, some will say, that I have left out several necessary ones:
but in the main I believe, that in the country and age we live in,
the qualifications I have named would get a man the reputation I have
supposed him to desire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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