The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
A man may carefully avoid every thing that in the eye of the world,
is esteemed to be the result of pride, without mortifying himself,
or making the least conquest of his passion. It is possible that he
only sacrifices the insipid outward part of his pride, which none but
silly ignorant people take delight in, to that part we all feel within,
and which the men of the highest spirit and most exalted genius feed
on with so much ecstacy in silence. The pride of great and polite
men is no where more conspicuous than in the debates about ceremony
and precedency, where they have an opportunity of giving their vices
the appearance of virtues, and can make the world believe that it is
their care, their tenderness for the dignity of their office, or the
honour of their masters, what is the result of their own personal pride
and vanity. This is most manifest in all negotiations of ambassadors
and plenipotentiaries, and must be known by all that observe what is
transacted at public treaties; and it will ever be true, that men of
the best taste have no relish in their pride, as long as any mortal
can find out that they are proud.
Line 125. For there was not a bee but would
Get more, I won't say, than he should;
But than, &c.
The vast esteem we have of ourselves, and the small value we have
for others, make us all very unfair judges in our own cases. Few
men can be persuaded that they get too much by those they sell to,
how extraordinary soever their gains are, when, at the same time,
there is hardly a profit so inconsiderable, but they will grudge
it to those they buy from; for this reason the smallest of the
seller's advantage being the greatest persuasive to the buyer;
tradesmen are generally forced to tell lies in their own defence,
and invent a thousand improbable stories, rather than discover what
they really get by their commodities. Some old standers, indeed, that
pretend to more honesty (or what is more likely, have more pride),
than their neighbours, are used to make but few words with their
customers, and refuse to sell at a lower price than what they ask at
first. But these are commonly cunning foxes that are above the world,
and know that those who have money, get often more by being surly,
than others by being obliging. The vulgar imagine they can find
more sincerity in the sour looks of a grave old fellow, than there
appears in the submissive air and inviting complacency of a young
beginner. But this is a grand mistake; and if they are mercers,
drapers, or others, that have many sorts of the same commodity, you
may soon be satisfied; look upon their goods and you will find each
of them have their private marks, which is a certain sign that both
are equally careful in concealing the prime cost of what they sell.
Line 128. --------As your gamesters do,
That, though at fair play ne'er will own
Before the losers what they've won.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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