The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits — John Shaqi
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
The short-sighted vulgar in the chain of causes seldom can see further
than one link; but those who can enlarge their view, and will give
themselves the leisure of gazing on the prospect of concatenated
events, may, in a hundred places, see good spring up and pullulate from
evil, as naturally as chickens do from eggs. The money that arises from
the duties upon malt is a considerable part of the national revenue,
and should no spirits be distilled from it, the public treasure would
prodigiously suffer on that head. But if we would set in a true
light the many advantages, and large catalogue of solid blessings
that accrue from, and are owing to the evil I treat of, we are to
consider the rents that are received, the ground that is tilled,
the tools that are made, the cattle that are employed, and above all,
the multitude of poor that are maintained, by the variety of labour,
requited in husbandry, in malting, in carriage and distillation, before
we can have the product of malt, which we call low wines, and is but
the beginning from which the various spirits are afterwards to be made.
Besides this, a sharp-sighted good-humoured man might pick up abundance
of good from the rubbish, which I have all flung away for evil. He
would tell me, that whatever sloth and sottishness might be occasioned
by the abuse of malt-spirits, the moderate use of it was of inestimable
benefit to the poor, who could purchase no cordials of higher prices,
that it was an universal comfort, not only in cold and weariness,
but most of the afflictions that are peculiar to the necessitous,
and had often to the most destitute supplied the places of meat,
drink, clothes, and lodging. That the stupid indolence in the most
wretched condition occasioned by those composing draughts, which
I complained of, was a blessing to thousands, for that certainly
those were the happiest, who felt the least pain. As to diseases,
he would say, that, as it caused some, so it cured others, and that
if the excess in those liquors had been sudden death to some few, the
habit of drinking them daily prolonged the lives of many, whom once
it agreed with; that for the loss sustained from the insignificant
quarrels it created at home, we were overpaid in the advantage we
received from it abroad, by upholding the courage of soldiers, and
animating the sailors to the combat; and that in the two last wars
no considerable victory had been obtained without.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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