The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
If we had vices, I cannot see why any man should ever make more suits
than he has occasion for, though he was never so desirous of promoting
the good of the nation: for, though in the wearing of a well-wrought
silk, rather than a slight stuff, and the preferring curious fine
cloth to coarse, he had no other view but the setting of more people
to work, and consequently the public welfare, yet he could consider
clothes no otherwise than lovers of their country do taxes now;
they may pay them with alacrity, but nobody gives more than his due;
especially where all are justly rated according to their abilities,
as it could no otherwise be expected in a very virtuous age. Besides,
that in such golden times nobody would dress above his condition,
nobody pinch his family, cheat or over reach his neighbour to purchase
finery, and consequently there would not be half the consumption,
nor a third part of the people employed as now there are. But, to make
this more plain, and demonstrate, that for the support of trade there
can be nothing equivalent to pride, I shall examine the several views
men have in outward apparel, and set forth what daily experience may
teach every body as to dress.
Clothes were originally made for two ends, to hide our nakedness, and
to fence our bodies against the weather, and other outward injuries:
to these our boundless pride has added a third, which is ornament;
for what else but an excess of stupid vanity, could have prevailed
upon our reason to fancy that ornamental, which must continually put
us in mind of our wants and misery, beyond all other animals that
are ready clothed by nature herself? It is indeed to be admired
how so sensible a creature as man, that pretends to so many fine
qualities of his own, should condescend to value himself upon what
is robbed from so innocent and defenceless an animal as a sheep, or
what he is beholden for to the most insignificant thing upon earth,
a dying worm; yet while he is proud of such trifling depredations, he
has the folly to laugh at the Hottentots on the furthest promontory
of Afric, who adorn themselves with the guts of their dead enemies,
without considering that they are the ensigns of their valour those
barbarians are fine with, the true spolia opima, and that if their
pride be more savage than ours, it is certainly less ridiculous,
because they wear the spoils of the more noble animal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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