The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
But whatever reflections may be made on this head, the world has
long since decided the matter; handsome apparel is a main point,
fine feathers make fine birds, and people, where they are not
known, are generally honoured according to their clothes and other
accoutrements they have about them; from the richness of them we
judge of their wealth, and by their ordering of them we guess at
their understanding. It is this which encourages every body, who is
conscious of his little merit, if he is any ways able to wear clothes
above his rank, especially in large and populous cities, where obscure
men may hourly meet with fifty strangers to one acquaintance, and
consequently have the pleasure of being esteemed by a vast majority,
not as what they are, but what they appear to be: which is a greater
temptation than most people want to be vain.
Whoever takes delight in viewing the various scenes of low life, may,
on Easter, Whitsun, and other great holidays, meet with scores of
people, especially women, of almost the lowest rank, that wear good
and fashionable clothes: if coming to talk with them, you treat them
more courteously and with greater respect than what they are conscious
they deserve, they will commonly be ashamed of owning what they are;
and often you may, if you are a little inquisitive, discover in them
a most anxious care to conceal the business they follow, and the
place they live in. The reason is plain; while they receive those
civilities that are not usually paid them, and which they think only
due to their betters, they have the satisfaction to imagine, that they
appear what they would be, which, to weak minds, is a pleasure almost
as substantial as they could reap from the very accomplishments of
their wishes: this golden dream they are unwilling to be disturbed
in, and being sure that the meanness of their condition, if it is
known, must sink them very low in your opinion, they hug themselves
in their disguise, and take all imaginable precaution not to forfeit,
by a useless discovery, the esteem which they flatter themselves that
their good clothes have drawn from you.
Though every body allows, that as to apparel and manner of living,
we ought to behave ourselves suitable to our conditions, and follow
the examples of the most sensible, and prudent among our equals in
rank and fortune: yet how few, that are not either miserably covetous,
or else proud of singularity, have this discretion to boast of? We
all look above ourselves, and, as fast as we can, strive to imitate
those that some way or other are superior to us.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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