The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
Thus I have proved, that the real pleasures of all men in nature are
worldly and sensual, if we judge from their practice; I say all men in
nature, because devout Christians, who alone are to be excepted here,
being regenerated, and preternaturally assisted by the Divine grace,
cannot be said to be in nature. How strange it is, that they should
all so unanimously deny it! ask not only the divines and moralists
of every nation, but likewise all that are rich and powerful, about
real pleasure, and they will tell you, with the Stoics, that there
can be no true felicity in things mundane and corruptible: but then
look upon their lives, and you will find they take delight in no other.
What must we do in this dilemma? shall we be so uncharitable, as
judging from mens actions, to say, that all the world prevaricates, and
that this is not their opinion, let them talk what they will? or shall
we be so silly, as relying on what they say, to think them sincere in
their sentiments, and so not believe our own eyes? or shall we rather
endeavour to believe ourselves and them too, and say with Montaigne,
that they imagine, and are fully persuaded, that they believe what
they do not believe? these are his words: "some impose on the world,
and would be thought to believe what they really do not: but much the
greater number impose upon themselves, not considering, nor thoroughly
apprehending what it is to believe." But this is making all mankind
either fools or impostors, which, to avoid, there is nothing left us,
but to say what Mr. Bayle has endeavoured to prove at large in his
Reflections on Comets: "that man is so unaccountable a creature as
to act most commonly against his principle;" and this is so far from
being injurious, that it is a compliment to human nature, for we must
see either this or worse.
This contradiction in the frame of man is the reason that the theory
of virtue is so well understood, and the practice of it so rarely
to be met with. If you ask me where to look for those beautiful
shining qualities of prime ministers, and the great favourites
of princes that are so finely painted in dedications, addresses,
epitaphs, funeral sermons, and inscriptions, I answer, there, and
no where else. Where would you look for the excellency of a statue,
but in that part which you see of it? It is the polished outside
only that has the skill and labour of the sculptor to boast of; what
is out of sight is untouched. Would you break the head, or cut open
the breast to look for the brains or the heart, you would only show
your ignorance, and destroy the workmanship. This has often made
me compare the virtues of great men to your large China jars: they
make a fine show, and are ornamental even to a chimney; one would,
by the bulk they appear in, and the value that is set upon them,
think they might be very useful, but look into a thousand of them,
and you will find nothing in them but dust and cobwebs.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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