THE FACE OF MANCHURIA KOREA & RUSSIAN TURKESTAN [Illustration: TAMERLANE’S TOMB] THE FACE OF MANCHURIA KOREA & RUSSIAN TURKESTAN WRITTEN AND ILLUSTRATED WITH XXIV PLATES BY E. G. KEMP, F.R.S.G.S. AUTHOR OF “THE FACE OF CHINA” NEW YORK DUFFIELD & COMPANY 1911 _All rights reserved_ DEDICATED TO MY THREE SISTERS PREFACE Less than three years ago I made a journey with a friend, Miss MacDougall, across the Chinese Empire from north-east to south-west, and while my interests in the changes going on there was intensified, a profound anxiety took possession of my mind as to the effect these changes would produce in the national life. The European and other Powers who had wrangled over the possibility of commercial and political advantages to be obtained from the Chinese Government (after the Boxer troubles) have withdrawn to a certain extent, but like snarling dogs dragged from their prey, they still keep covetous eyes upon it, and both Russia and Japan continue steadily but silently to strengthen their hold upon its borders. These borders are Manchuria and Korea, and it is in this direction that fresh developments must be expected. I read all the available literature bearing on the subject, but so rapidly had the changes occurred that books were already out of date, and they failed to make me _see_ the country as it now is. As an instance of this, let me quote Whigham’s (correspondent to the _Morning Post_) “Manchuria and Korea,” published in 1904.[1] “One cannot seriously believe that Japan would ever invade Manchuria, unless, indeed, she be caught by the madness with which the gods first visit those whom they wish to destroy; but if ever her army did occupy Moukden she would only find another Moscow in the ancient capital of the Manchus, and when all is said and done what would be the use? She could never hope to hold the Liao valley for ever against Russia; Great Britain might just as well try to hold Normandy again against France.... The conclusion is that as far as Manchuria is concerned, Russia is even now more or less invulnerable,” &c. &c. This was published the year the Russo-Japanese war took place.