The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
Collins writes: "In their huts and in their caves they lie down
indiscriminately mixed, men, women and children together."[484]
This statement is not quite clear, as we do not know whether these
"men, women and children" form one family, or are related, or
whether there is a great number of them, etc. It is also opposed
to what we learnt from Howitt and many others of the customary
order observed in occupying a hut. Besides, Collins had under
his immediate observation blacks hanging round the town of Port
Phillip, demoralized and degenerate; their females seem to have
been already addicted to prostitution.[485] They were no longer in
their primitive state; and all observations, especially relating to
their mode of living, which changes immediately with the conditions
of life, must be accepted with caution. I do not consider this
statement any more reliable than that of Beveridge which I
discarded. From other passages where he speaks of the small inland
huts "affording shelter to only one miserable tenant,"[486] and the
larger huts on the sea-coast, "large enough to hold six or eight
persons," we might infer that there was room only for one family in
each hut. Here also we read that the coastal tribes, which probably
had a better food supply and led a more sedentary life, had larger
and better-built huts.
[484] _Loc. cit._, i. p. 555.
[485] _Loc. cit._, i. p. 560 and _passim_.
[486] _Loc. cit._, p. 555.
We read concerning the Turra tribe of South Australia[487]: "In
camping, the place of the parents is to the right-hand side of
their son's camp; the brother to the left side; sister-in-law to
the right side or near his father's. In the camp the husband sleeps
at the right hand of the fire, his wife behind him, and her young
children behind her." This, less detailed than Howitt's statement,
corroborates it to the full. We see that each camp is occupied
exclusively by a married couple and their small children; and
that inside the hut as well as in the configuration of the camp
there is a strict customary order. It is important to notice that
these statements, reporting strict camp rules and referring to
tribes scattered over a great area (Victoria, New South Wales and
South Australia) are given by very reliable authorities, and that
Howitt at least gathered them by collecting information about the
ancient customs of the Kurnai and Murring from old natives; using,
therefore, the only correct method. They refer, therefore, to old
customs, which probably were no longer observed in the tribes
spoilt and demoralized by contact with settlers. Much weight is to
be ascribed, therefore, in this matter to the information of Howitt
and his correspondents.
[487] Rev. W. J. Kühn in _Kam. and Kurn._, p. 287.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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