In subsequent chapters we shall have occasion to consider various forces and methods for creating this spirit of community, and we shall see that whereas the higher culture of rural life awaits a better economic system, this spirit of loyalty which is essential for cooperative organizations may be developed through various forms of community activity. FOOTNOTES: [25] See Percy Wells Bidwell, "Rural Economy in New England at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century." Trans. Comm. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. 20, p. 253, 1916; and E. G. Nourse, "Agricultural Economics," p. 65. [26] See the account of Mr. A. G. Gardiner, _Manchester Guardian_, Weekly Edition, Feb. 6, 1920, quoted by Norman Angell in "The Fruits of Victory," p. 27: "Suddenly all this elaborate structure of economic life was swept away. Vienna, instead of being the vital center of fifty millions of people, finds itself a derelict city, with a province of six millions. It is cut off from its coal supplies, from its food supplies, from its factories, from everything that means existence. It is enveloped by tariff walls." [27] "The Fruits of Victory," p. 12, New York, 1921. [28] _Ibid._, p. 14. [29] (George William Russell), "The National Being," p. 167. CHAPTER VIII HOW COOPERATION STRENGTHENS THE COMMUNITY The greatest improvements in marketing are being effected through cooperation. We have indicated that willingness to work together for the common good and loyalty to this principle are essential for successful cooperative enterprises. As these same attitudes are the basis of community life, it seems obvious that to the extent that membership in cooperative associations becomes general throughout a community, the stronger will be the community life. Indeed, the very etymology of the two words, _cooperate_--to work together, and _community_--having in common, indicate that community activities are essentially a form of cooperation--of working together. Inasmuch as cooperative enterprises are rapidly increasing and that they must, therefore, exercise a powerful influence upon community life, it is necessary to gain a clear idea of just what is involved in the principle of cooperation and to what types of organization the term is applicable.