[93] D’Argenson in 1752 said: “Quant à moi je tiens pour l’avènement du second article et même du républicanisme.” He meant Republicanism not in the modern sense, but in the sense of a monarchy with democratic local institutions. Aubertin, _L’Ésprit public_, 278, 279. Even the _Ésprit des Lois_ gave some sanction to a Republic as an ideal form of government when it recognized _virtue_ as the temper of society required for this form of government. Voltaire, friend of the monarchy and critic of Rousseau as he was, wrote: “Le plus tolérable des gouvernements est le républicain, parce-que c’est celui qui rapproche le plus les hommes de l’égalité naturelle.” He also compared the frequency of crimes under a monarchy with their infrequency under republics. Martin, _Histoire de France_, xvi, 136. Mably held that France should pass by degrees from a monarchy to a republic. _Ibid._, 149 _et seq._, Cerutti, the coadjutor of Mirabeau at a later date, had published a book on _Republics_. This book had been generally attributed to Rousseau. _Dictionnaire Universelle._ [94] _Arch. Parl._, v, 282. [95] The cahier of the district of Abbey Saint Germain des Près said: Il sera arrêté qu’à la nation assemblée, réunie au Roi, appartient le droit de faire les lois de royaume, _Arch. Parl._, v, 306; that of Saint Gervais: Le pouvoir législatif appartient conjointement au Roi et à la nation.... Le pouvoir exécutif appartient au Roi, comme chef suprême et premier magistrat de la nation, _Ibid._, 308; that of Saint Louis de-la-Culture: Qu’il soit reconnu que l’état est monarchique, que la couronne est héréditaire en ligne masculine, etc., _Ibid._, 311; that of Theatins: Le Roi en (of the army) aura la discipline et le commandement général, _Ibid._, 316; that of Sorbonne: that the States-General and the king jointly make the laws; that of Filles de Saint Thomas: that the nation and the king make the laws, and that the executive power be guaranteed to the king and to the reigning family without restriction or division; that of Bonne Nouvelle: that the laws should be made by the States-General and announced by the king; that of Saint Joseph Quartier des Halles: that laws be made by the nation and king jointly; that of Sainte Elizabeth: that the nation make the laws and the king sanction them; that of Enfants Rouges: that the laws be made by the nation and the king jointly; that of Blancs Manteaux: that France should have an hereditary monarchy in the male line of the reigning house, laws made by the nation and sanctioned by the king, and that the executive power should belong to the monarch; that of Capucins du Marais: that the laws be made by the nation and the king jointly; that of Minimes de la Place Royale: that the laws be made jointly by the nation and the king. Chassin, _Les Élection et Cahiers de Paris_, ii, ch. xvi-xviii. [96] Chassin, _Les Élections et Cahiers_, i, 453. [97] _Arch. Parl._, viii. 350.