PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCE CHART: A study of the exaggerated profiles plotted during the preparation of the physiographic diagram revealed the existence of morphological features and morphological provinces not previously delineated. The limits of areas of contrasting morphology were noted on the profiles, and these points were plotted on a chart of small scale (also about 1:5 million at 40° N.) (Pl. 20). CONTROL: Almost all the echo-sounding profiles used in the preparation of the physiographic diagram (Pl. 1) and the physiographic province chart (Pl. 20) were obtained by expeditions of the Lamont Geological Observatory and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Pl. 21). Some soundings were provided by the Hydrographic Department, British Admiralty (Pl. 21) and the International Hydrographic Bureau (Monaco). [Illustration: FIGURE 1.--_Method of preparation of physiographic diagram_ (a) Positions of sounding lines (A, B) are plotted on chart; (b) Soundings are plotted as profiles (A, B) at 40:1 vertical exaggeration; (c) Features shown on profiles (A, B) are sketched on chart along tracks; (d) After all available sounding profiles are sketched the remaining unsounded areas are filled in by extrapolating and interpolating trends observed in a succession of profiles.] The echo soundings made by research vessels fall into three classes: (1) precision soundings (accuracy better than 1 fathom in 3000); (2) nonprecision soundings obtained by research vessels using commercial echo sounders with control or close check on time standard; (3) poor to bad soundings made with commercial echo sounders without timing control or adequate checks. Most of the soundings used in this paper fall into the first two categories. In Figure 2 the Precision Depth Recorder (PDR) sounding tracks are shown. In Figure 3 the good but nonprecision tracks are shown. The soundings of the third class are not shown. All tracks used in the preparation of the diagram are shown in Plate 21. Most of the sounding lines were located by standard dead-reckoning procedures from astronomical fixes. Errors of a few miles are probably common. Position errors do not seriously affect the work described here since we are dealing largely with texture read from profiles and plotted on a small-scale sheet. In addition to the sounding tracks shown in the control chart, spot depths shown on U. S. Hydrographic Office charts HO 0955a, 0955b, 0956a, 0956b, and 5487 and on feuille A-1 of the Carte Générale Bathymétrique des Océans (1935) were used where profiles were lacking. Along the east coast of the United States the Coast and Geodetic Survey soundings published by Veatch and Smith (1939) were used for the continental shelf and slope. Other important sources of published soundings include Hill (1956), De Andrade (1937), Dietrich (1939), Wüst (1940a), Emery (1950), and Tolstoy (1951).