The boundaries of the physiographic provinces, defined solely by bottom topography, show good correlation with variations in crustal structure as determined by seismic-refraction measurements and with anomalies of the gravity and magnetic fields. In addition, the province boundaries correlate well with distribution patterns of bottom sediments. The physiographic provinces are thus really morpho-tectonic provinces. The precise correlation of topographic provinces and structure observed in specific sections can thus be extrapolated along province boundaries to deduce the geology in large areas where no geophysical work has been done. The tectonic map of the Atlantic prepared in this manner will be presented in a subsequent publication. PART 1. PREPARATION OF THE PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIAGRAM Several steps are involved in the preparation of a marine physiographic diagram. The raw data consist of continuously recorded echograms and lists of positions of the research ship. Echograms are profiles of ocean depth, automatically plotted against time (Luskin _et al._, 1954). The first step is to read and tabulate the depth at each peak, trough, or change of slope. These readings are plotted on a chart (1:1,000,000) as a series of closely spaced soundings. Depth profiles are plotted against distance at a standard vertical exaggeration of 40:1. The sounding lines are also plotted on a chart of small scale (1:5,000,000) which is at the same scale as the final physiographic diagram. The subsequent steps in the preparation of the diagram are illustrated by Figures 1_a-d_. The exaggerated profiles (1_b_) along the tracks (1_a_) show a succession of peaks and valleys. These features are sketched in along the tracks (1_c_). After all the tracks in a large area are sketched in this way, the major trends are estimated, and the diagram is completed by interpolation and extrapolation (Fig. 1_d_; Pl. 1). The vertical scale of the diagram is 1 inch = 5000 fathoms which is an effective vertical exaggeration of 20 to 1. The final diagram as printed is at a scale of 1:5 million at 40° N. on a Mercator projection. There is a fundamental difference between the preparation of a terrestrial and a marine physiographic diagram. In the former the major problem is to select from more-detailed maps the features to be represented. Except in unexplored, inaccessible areas, the shape of all land features is a matter of recorded fact; the problem is to abstract and artfully draw the features in question. In contrast, the preparation of a marine physiographic diagram requires the author to postulate the patterns and trends of the relief on the basis of cross sections and then to portray this interpretation in the diagram.