then to insist that all _chansons_ shall conform to it. After the defeat of Desrame, and the relief of half-ruined Orange, the troubles of that city and its Count are not over. The admiral returns to the charge, and the next _chanson_, the _Bataille Loquifer_, is ranked by good judges as ancient, and describes fresh prowess of Rainouart. Then comes the _Moniage_ ["Monking" of] _Rainouart_, in which the hero, like so many other heroes, takes the cowl. This, again, is followed by a series describing chiefly the reprisals in Spain and elsewhere of the Christians--_Foulques de Candie_, the _Siege de Barbastre_, the _Prise de Cordres_, and _Gilbert d'Andrenas_. And at last the whole _geste_ is wound up by the _Mort Aimeri de Narbonne_, _Renier_, and the _Moniage Guillaume_, the poem which unites the profane history of the _Marquis au Court Nez_ to the legend of St William of the Desert, though in a fashion sometimes odd. M. Gautier will not allow any of these poems (except the _Bataille Loquifer_ and the two _Moniages_) great age; and even if it were otherwise, and more of them were directly accessible,[42] there could be no space to say much of them here. The sketch given should be sufficient to show the general characteristics of the _chansons_ as each is in itself, and also the curious and ingenious way in which their successive authors have dovetailed and pieced them together into continuous family chronicles. [Footnote 42: _Foulques de Candie_ (ed. Tarbe, Reims, 1860) is the only one of this batch which I possess, or have read _in extenso_.] [Sidenote: _Some other_ chansons.]