Mount Sugarloaf does not offer Mount Lincoln’s retreat from crowds nor Mount Toby’s expansive landscape, but it is accessible, and it provides an unrivaled view of the valley between South Deerfield and the Holyoke Range. Its red sandstones and conglomerates rise almost sheer for 500 feet above the Sunderland-South Deerfield road. On the northwest and southeast sides the cliffs are determined by nearly vertical joint planes. During the Ice Age, the southward-moving glacier plucked away the loosely attached blocks facing the South Deerfield and Sunderland sections of the lowland, leaving Sugarloaf as a remnant between the joint surfaces. The great bites which the meandering Connecticut River has taken out of the lowland are visible east of Sunderland village and south towards Hatfield. Each arc in the edge of the scalloped flood plain is the extremity of a meander loop which the wandering river carved in its bank and then abandoned by breaking through the narrow base or tongue, as it did at the Northampton ox-bow. An area of low, rolling, sandy hills extends through the pine woods for a mile southward from South Deerfield. The hills are dunes which formed when the Connecticut was picking its channel across the newly exposed and barren bed of glacial Lake Hadley. [Illustration: Fig. 22. _Meander scarps form a margin to the Connecticut River flood plain at Sunderland._] The panorama from the west side of Mount Sugarloaf centers about the deep gorge of the Deerfield River. The top of the gorge widens out into a broad strath and affords a glimpse of the more remote upland. The river, emerging from this canyon during post-glacial time, built a huge delta into glacial Lake Hadley, and much of the delta still remains in the terrace which is utilized by the Boston and Maine Railroad as it descends into Greenfield. _Turners Falls_ Rushing water has a fascination which was frankly recognized by the highway engineers who made the parking place facing the Connecticut where Route 2 passes along the north side of Turners Falls. Here the river drops over a series of sandstone ledges into a deep and narrow channel at the east base of the trap ridge. Waterfalls are not common in rivers flowing through lowlands; they indicate disturbances of normal stream development and sometimes change in course.