18. Perianth-bristles 3. Glumes 4-5. Style with a thickened, persistent base. Spikelets in spikes or solitary.--Species 3. South Africa. (_Ecklonea_ Steud.) =Trianoptiles= Fenzl Perianth-bristles 6. Glumes numerous. Style slightly thickened. Spikelets in panicles.--Species 2. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. (Under _Schoenus_ L.) =Cyclocampe= Steud. 19. Style-branches 1-2. Perianth of 6 or more bristles or wanting.--Species 15. (_Rynchospora_ Vahl). =Rhynchospora= Vahl Style-branches 3. 20 20. Perianth of 3-6 bristles. 21 Perianth none. 22 21. Perianth of 3 bristles. Upper leaves with red sheaths.--Species 1. South Africa. (_Decalepis_ Boeck., under _Tetraria_ Beauv.) =Boeckeleria= Dur. Perianth of 5-6 bristles. Lowest flower male.--Species 6. Madagascar and South Africa. =Costularia= C. B. Clarke 22. Partial inflorescences arranged in a panicle.--Species 5. =Cladium= R. Br. Partial inflorescences arranged in a head. 23 23. Involucre of the inflorescence short. Stem leafless.--Species 1. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. (_Arthrostylis_ Boeck.) =Actinoschoenus= Benth. Involucre of the inflorescence long. Stem leafy.--Species 1. West Africa and Madagascar. Used medicinally. =Remirea= Aubl. 24. (13.) Bracteoles 1-2. [Tribe HYPOLYTREAE.] 25 Bracteoles none. [Tribe SCIRPEAE.] 28 25. Bracteoles 1-2, parallel with the glume (bract), i.e. placed before or behind or before and behind it. Stamens 1-2. [Subtribe LIPOCARPHINAE.] 26 Bracteoles 2, lateral to the glume, sometimes united. Stamens 2-3. [Subtribe HYPOLYTRINAE.] 27 26. Bracteole 1, deciduous. Stamen 1. Spikelets solitary or in clusters of 2-3, subtended by a single involucral bract.--Species 2. Central and South Africa. (Under _Scirpus_ L.) =Hemicarpha= Nees Bracteoles 2, persistent. Stamens 1-2. Spikelets in heads surrounded by several involucral bracts.--Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. (_Hypaelyptum_ Vahl). =Lipocarpha= R. Br. 27. Bracteoles united in front, longer than the glume. Spikelets solitary or in heads. Stem leafy at the base only.--Species 9. Tropical and South Africa. =Ascolepis= Nees Bracteoles free or united behind, as long as or shorter than the glumes. Spikelets in heads or panicles. Stem leafy throughout its length.--Species 10. Tropics. =Hypolytrum= Rich. 28. (22.) Glumes distinctly 2-ranked. Partial inflorescences usually arranged in heads or umbels. [Subtribe CYPERINAE.] 29 Glumes not distinctly 2-ranked. Partial inflorescences usually arranged in spikes or panicles. [Subtribe SCIRPINAE.] 34 29. Perianth consisting of 6 bristles. Spikelets in panicles.--Species 1. Region of the great lakes. (Under _Carpha_ R. Br.) =Oreograstis= K. Schum. Perianth none. 30 30. Flowers with a toothed or lobed disc at the base of the ovary. Spikelets solitary or in heads.--Species 3. South Africa. (Under _Ficinia_ Schrad.) =Hemichlaena= Schrad. Flowers without a disc. 31