23. Stamens 6-9. Filaments united at the base. Anthers opening lengthwise. Flowers solitary or in pairs.--Species 1. West Africa. =Synclisia= Benth. Stamens 15-30. Filaments united throughout their whole length. Anthers opening transversely. Male flowers fascicled, female solitary. (See 8.) =Epinetrum= Hiern 24. Petals none. 25 Petals 3-9, usually 6. 27 25. Stamens 3. Filaments united. Anthers opening by two transverse slits. Carpels 3-4. Scar of the style near the base of the fruit. Leaves broad-cordate. Flowers in fascicled glomerules.--Species 2. West Africa. =Syrrheonema= Miers Stamens 3, with free filaments, or 5-6. Anthers opening by sometimes confluent longitudinal slits. Scar of the style terminal or lateral. 26 26. Carpels 3. Styles absent. Stigmas peltate. Anthers opening by confluent slits. Stem erect. Flowers in glomerules. (See 12.) =Penianthus= Miers Carpels 6 or more. Styles present. Stem climbing. Flowers in lax cymes or in panicles.--Species 12. Tropics. (Including _Pycnostylis_ Pierre, _Rameya_ Baill., and _Welwitschiina_ Engl.) =Triclisia= Benth. 27. Petals 9. Stamens 21. Carpels 12.--Species 1. West Africa. =Sphenocentrum= Pierre Petals 3-6. 28 28. Stamens 3. 29 Stamens 6-18. 31 [Illustration: MENISPERMACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 47._ J. Fleischmann del. Cocculus Leaeba DC. _A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Male flower cut lengthwise. _C_ Female flower cut lengthwise. _D_ Fruit. _E_ Seed cut lengthwise.] [Illustration: ANONACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 48._ J. Fleischmann del. Anona senegalensis Pers. _A_ Branch. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise. _C_ Stigma. _D_ Anther. _E_ Young fruit cut lengthwise.] 29. Filaments free. Sepals hairy. Stem climbing. (See 26.) =Triclisia= Benth. Filaments united high up. 30 30. Sepals glabrous. Leaves distinctly 3-nerved. Stem climbing.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Strychnopsis= Baill. Sepals hairy. Leaves not distinctly 3-nerved. Stem erect.--Species 5. Madagascar. (Including _Gamopoda_ Bak. and _Tripodandra_ Baill.) =Rhaptonema= Miers 31. Stamens 9-18. Filaments united throughout their whole length. Anthers opening transversely. Male flowers with 6 petals, female with 3 petals and 3 staminodes. Carpels 6. Flowers in false racemes or corymbs. Leaves undivided.--Species 7. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. =Anisocycla= Baill. Stamens 9 with the filaments free or united at the base, or 6. Anthers opening lengthwise, but sometimes obliquely. 32 32. Carpels 3-4. Flowers in racemes. 33 Carpels 6-30. Flowers in cymes or panicles, or the female in racemes. Leaves undivided. 34 33. Petals ovate. Fruits ovoid; embryo nearly straight. Stem erect. Leaves compound, with 3 leaflets.--Species 4. Madagascar. =Burasaia= Thouars Petals oblong, lobed. Fruits reniform; embryo much curved. Stem climbing. Leaves simple, undivided.--Species 1. West Africa (Congo). _Limaciopsis_ Engl.