139. Outer glumes conspicuously shorter than the flowering glume. Flowering glume firmly herbaceous, 3-5-nerved, with a long, straight, terminal or subterminal awn. Panicle loose.--Species 2. East and South-east Africa (Kilimandjaro and Transvaal). (Under _Brachyelytrum_ Beauv.) =Pseudobromus= K. Schum. Outer glumes almost equalling the flowering glume or exceeding it. Flowering glume membranous, rarely firmer, but then many-nerved or with a distinctly dorsal awn or awnless. 140 140. Outer glumes feathery, long. Flowering glume with two short terminal awns or with a long dorsal one. Panicles spike-or head-like.--Species 1. North Africa; introduced in South Africa. Used as an ornamental grass. “Harestail-grass.” =Lagurus= L. Outer glumes not feathery. 141 141. Outer glumes bladdery at the base, much longer than the flowering glume. Panicles spike-like.--Species 2. North Africa and Abyssinia. “Nitgrass.” =Gastridium= Beauv. Outer glumes not bladdery. 142 142. Flowering glume cleft into 9-23 awn-shaped teeth. Panicles spike-like.--Species 13. Some are used as fodder-grasses. (Including _Enneapogon_ Desv.) =Pappophorum= Schreb. Flowering glume with 1-3 awns or awnless. 143 143. Flowering glume with a delicate dorsal awn and two long and thin lateral awns.--Species 2. Egypt and Abyssinia. =Trisetaria= Forsk. Flowering glume awnless or with a single awn and sometimes 2 short bristles. 144 144. Flowering glume with a terminal awn, rounded on the back, sometimes keeled towards the tip. (See 113.) =Festuca= L. Flowering glume with a dorsal awn or with a short mucro or unarmed. 145 145. Flowering glume decurrent into a callus bearing a tuft of long hairs. 146 Flowering glume with a glabrous or shortly and scantily hairy callus or without a callus. 147 146. Flowering glume papery, unarmed or shortly mucronate. Spikelets large, with a glabrous and bristle-like or a club-shaped prolongation of the axis.--Species 1 (_A. arundinacea_ Host, maram). North Africa. Used for binding sand-dunes and as a fodder-grass; the root-stock is edible. (_Psamma_ Beauv.) =Ammophila= Host Flowering glume membranous, awned from the back, very rarely awnless. Spikelets rather small, sometimes with a bristle-like and usually hairy prolongation of the axis.--Species 6. Azores, mountains of tropical Africa, South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including _Deyeuxia_ Beauv.) =Calamagrostis= Roth 147. Axis of the spikelet not distinctly continued beyond the flower. Flowering glume shorter than the outer glumes. 148 Axis of the spikelet produced beyond the flower into a bristle-like appendage bearing sometimes empty glumes. 149 148. Palea as long as the flowering glume. Panicles few-flowered.--Species 1. South Africa. (Under _Agrostis_ L. or _Colpodium_ Trin.) =Poagrostis= Stapf