Palea shorter than the flowering glume. Panicles many-flowered.--Species 30. North and South Africa and mountains of the tropics. Some are used as fodder-or ornamental grasses. “Bent-grass.” =Agrostis= L. 149. Flowering glume much shorter than the outer glumes, with 2 bristles at the top and an awn on the back near the base. Continuation of the axis of the spikelet hairy, without glumes. Panicles spike-like.--Species 1. North-west Africa. (Under _Gastridium_ Beauv.) =Triplachne= Link Flowering glume slightly shorter or longer than the outer glumes. Continuation of the axis of the spikelet glabrous or bearing empty glumes. 150 150. Flowering glume with a very long awn. Outer glumes unequal. Continuation of the axis of the spikelet without glumes. Panicle loose.--Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as ornamental grasses. =Apera= Adans. Flowering glume with a short or moderate awn or awnless. Outer glumes subequal. Continuation of the axis of the spikelet usually with empty glumes. 151 151. Lower outer glume 1-nerved. Flowering glume 3-5-nerved, membranous, about as long as the outer glumes. Continuation of the axis of the spikelet with 1-2 empty glumes or without glumes.--Species 10. North Africa, Abyssinia, South Africa. Some are used as fodder-grasses. =Koeleria= Pers. Lower outer glume 3-9-nerved. Flowering glume 5-to many-nerved, leathery or longer than the outer glumes. 152 152. Fruit deeply grooved. Flowering glume leathery, rounded on the back, with a kneed dorsal awn. Outer glumes 7-9-nerved.--Species 20. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. Some (especially _A. sativa_ L.) are cultivated as cereals (oat) or fodder, and yield also oil and medicaments; others are used as ornamental grasses. (Including _Avenastrum_ Juss.) =Avena= L. Fruit not deeply grooved. Flowering glume keeled, longer than the outer ones. Outer glumes 3-7-nerved. Empty glumes above the flower 2 or more.--Species 10. Extra-tropical regions. Some are used as ornamental grasses. =Melica= L. 153. (123.) Flowering glumes, at least one in each spikelet, bearing a twisted or kneed, generally dorsal awn, usually shorter than the outer glumes, rarely awnless, and then spikelets 2-flowered with a very short axis not prolonged beyond the flowers. [Tribe AVENEAE.] 154 Flowering glumes bearing a straight, terminal or subterminal awn, or unawned, usually longer than the outer glumes. Spikelets 2-flowered, the axis prolonged between the flowers or above them, or 3-many-flowered. [Tribe FESTUCEAE.] 177 154. Spikelets 2-flowered without a continuation of the axis beyond the upper flower. Flowering glumes usually unawned. 155 Spikelets 2-flowered with a continuation of the axis beyond the upper flower, or 3-many-flowered. Flowering glumes awned. 161 155. Spikelets solitary, enveloped by a spathe. Flowering glumes connate. Style 1, undivided. Stigma papillose. (See 3.) =Lygeum= L.