167. Spikelets falling entire with a part of their stalk. Lowest flowering glume without, the others with side-bristles.--Species 4. South Africa. (Under _Danthonia_ DC.) =Chaetobromus= (Nees) Stapf Spikelets not falling entire; axis jointed between and below the flowering glumes.--Species 30. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. The seeds of several species are eaten or used in medicine. =Danthonia= DC. 168. (161.) Spikelets in spikes, many-flowered. (See 87.) =Gaudinia= Beauv. Spikelets in sometimes spike-like panicles. 169 169. Lower flowers male, upper hermaphrodite. 170 Lower or all flowers hermaphrodite, upper sometimes male or barren. 171 170. Spikelets with 2 flowers and a bristle-like continuation of the axis. Stamens 3. Styles short.--Species 2. North-west Africa. They yield fodder and edible seeds. =Arrhenatherum= Beauv. Spikelets with 3 flowers, one of which is sometimes reduced to a glume, without a continuation of the axis. Stamens in the male flowers 3, in the hermaphrodite 2. Styles long. (See 128.) =Hierochloe= Gmel. 171. Axis of the spikelets jointed at the base; spikelets falling entire, 2-flowered, the upper flower usually male, the lower hermaphrodite with the flowering glume unarmed.--Species 6. North-west and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental grasses. =Holcus= L. Axis of the spikelets jointed above the persistent outer glumes. 172 172. Fruit grooved in front, usually adherent to the glumes. Spikelets large. 173 Fruit not grooved, free. Spikelets usually small. 174 173. Fruit slightly grooved. Styles inserted laterally below the summit of the ovary.--Species 30. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. Some species are poisonous, others are used as fodder-, medicinal, or ornamental plants. =Bromus= L. Fruit deeply grooved. Styles inserted at or near the summit of the ovary. (See 152.) =Avena= L. 174. Flowering glumes 2-cleft or 2-toothed to 2-awned. 175 Flowering glumes irregularly and minutely toothed or 2-lobed with toothed lobes or entire. 176 175. Flowering glume of the lower flower awnless, entire. Outer glumes 3-5-nerved. Spikelets linear-oblong.--Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria) =Ventenata= Koeler Flowering glume of the lower flower awned, 2-toothed. Outer glumes 1-3-nerved. Spikelets lanceolate-elliptical.--Species 20. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. Some species are used as fodder-or ornamental grasses. =Trisetum= Pers. 170. Awns of the flowering glumes jointed, thickened towards the tip.--Species 3. North Africa. (Under _Aira_ L.) =Corynephorus= Beauv. Awns of the flowering glumes not jointed, slender throughout.--Species 5. Azores, Canaries, high mountains of Central Africa, subantarctic islands. Used as ornamental grasses. (Under _Aira_ L.) =Deschampsia= Beauv. 177. (153.) Flowering glumes of the fertile flowers cleft in 3-23 awn-like or awn-bearing lobes. [Subtribe PAPPOPHORINAE.] 178