Flowering glumes entire or 2-lobed, rarely (_Triodia_) 3-lobed, bearing a single awn or unawned. 182 178. Flowering glumes 3-cleft, with 3 awns. Spikelets 5-15-flowered, in panicles.--Species 9. Southern and Central Africa, Sahara, Egypt. Some are used as fodder-grasses. =Triraphis= R. Br. Flowering glumes 4-many-cleft, with 5 or more awns. Spikelets 2-6-flowered. 179 179. Flowering glumes with 5-9 awns springing from the back of the lobes. Style 1, short and broad, 2-cleft. Spikelets 2-3-flowered, in dense panicles.--Species 1. Egypt. =Boissiera= Hochst. Flowering glumes with 5-23 awns springing from the tips of the lobes or from the notches between them. Styles 2, free. 180 180. Flowering glumes with 9-23 awn-like lobes. Spikelets 2-3-flowered, in spike-like panicles. (See 142.) =Pappophorum= Schreb. Flowering glumes with 5-7 awns or awn-like lobes. 181 181. Flowering glumes with 5-7 subequal, awn-like lobes. Spikelets 2-3-flowered, in heads.--Species 1. North-west Africa. =Echinaria= Desv. Flowering glumes with 9 lobes, 5 of which are awn-like. Spikelets 4-6-flowered, in rather loose panicles.--Species 3. Central and South Africa and Egypt. Used as fodder and in medicine. (_Antoschmidtia_ Steud.) =Schmidtia= Steud. 182. Axis of the spikelets or flowering glumes covered with long hairs enveloping the glumes. [Subtribe ARUNDINAE.] 183 Axis of the spikelets and flowering glumes glabrous or short-haired. 185 183. Flowering glumes firmly membranous, 5-nerved, hairy like the axis of the spikelets. Ovary hairy at the top. Leaves narrow, more or less rolled up. Low grasses.--Species 1 (_A. tenax_ Link). North Africa. Used for making paper, in plaiting-work, as fodder, and as an ornamental plant. =Ampelodesma= Beauv. Flowering glumes delicately membranous, 3-nerved; if hairy, then axis of the spikelets glabrous. Ovary glabrous. Leaves flat and rather broad. Tall grasses. 184 184. Flowering glumes glabrous, entire, produced into a fine point. Axis of the spikelets hairy. Lowest flower of each spikelet usually male. Panicles lax.--Species 2. Used in house-building, for plaiting-work and divers utensils, and as ornamental grasses; the root-stock is edible and used in medicine. “Reed.” (_Trichoon_ Roth) =Phragmites= Trin. Flowering glumes hairy, 2-toothed, with a mucro in the notch. Axis of the spikelets glabrous. Flowers all hermaphrodite or the uppermost flower or all flowers of the lower spikelets male. Panicles dense.--Species 5. North Africa, Madagascar, South Africa. Used in house-building, for plaiting-work, and as medicinal, fodder-, and ornamental plants. Reed.” (_Donax_ Beauv., including _Neyraudia_ Hook. fil.) =Arundo= L. 185. Stigmas shortly papillose on all sides, projecting between the tips of the flowering glumes; styles long. [Subtribe SESLERINAE.] 186 Stigmas feathery, rather short, projecting near the base of the flowering glumes; styles short or almost wanting. 191