Marriage, reason for abandonment of, by Ottoman sultans, 183, 256. Mary of Hungary, marries Sigismund, 193. Matthew, patriarch, 243. Megalopolis, battle of, 230. Menteshe, 158, 185-6, 191, 259, 274, 283, 287-8, 289, 294, 297, 300; emir of, invades Rhodes, 43-4. Messembria, 139. Mézières, Philippe de, agitation of, for crusade, 160, 203. Michael Asan, conflict with Byzantines, 59; repudiates Serbian marriage alliance, 87. Midia, 139. Mikhalitch, conquered by Osmanlis, 68; Nicopolis prisoners at, 225, 294; Timur’s army reaches, 257; emirate of, 294. Miletus, 294, 295. Mircea of Wallachia, promises to co-operate with Lazar against Osmanlis, 170; defeated by Osmanlis, and helps Bayezid against Hungarians, 192; negotiates with Bayezid to desert crusaders, 214; withdraws from Nicopolis during battle, 221; defeats invading Ottoman army, 224. Modon, 230, 240, 243. Mohammed I, becomes undisputed Ottoman sultan, 262; building activity of, 275-6; Karamanians not dependent upon, 301. ---- II (the Conqueror), legislation of, 72-3, 195; desire of, to connect origin of family with Byzantine imperial family, 265. ---- Sultan, grandson of Timur, 251-2. Monastir, 158-9, 195. Mongols, invasion of Asia Minor, 13, 16, 17, 36-7, 300; attempts of Christian missionaries to convert, 14, 26; connexion with Byzantines, 36-7, 41, 65; exposure of women symbol of conquest among, 256. Morea, 170-1, 228-32, 240, 243. Mughla, 294, 295. Murad, first European conquests, 111-15; creates corps of janissaries, 117-20; decides to build Ottoman empire in Balkan peninsula, and makes Adrianople his capital, 125; extension of conquests in Bulgaria, 138-43, 159-61; conquers Macedonia, 145-9, 158-9; extends sovereignty in Asia Minor, 155-8, 274; treaties with Ragusa, Venice, and Genoa, 126-7, 163-4; first conflict with Karamania, 165-7; reaches Danube by further conquests in Bulgaria, 172; destroys Serbian independence, and is killed, in battle of Kossova, 175-7; method of assimilating Balkan Christians, 115-21; policy in empire-building, 125; organization of conquered territories, 147-9; policy in Byzantine dynastic quarrels, 149-55; anxious not to alarm Venice, 160; kindness to non-combatants, 167; policy towards Serbian league, 171; character of, 178-9; confused with Bayezid by western travellers and writers, 208-13; contemporary western conception of, 208. Musalla, highest mountain in Balkan peninsula, 143. Mytilene, 163, 205. Nagy Olosz, battle of, 191. Nauplia, 230. Nazlu, 284, 289, 295. Nicaea, 12, 13, 32, 45-6, 54, 84, 111, 185, 257, 275; captured by the Osmanlis, 56-7, 61-3; emirate of, 295. Nicomedia, 11, 12, 13, 32, 45-6, 54, 84, 111, 185; captured by the Osmanlis, 63-4. Nicopolis, 172-3, 193-4, 196; crusade and battle of, 203, 206, 208-24; identification of, 215; significance of battle of, 262; ransom of prisoners taken at, 225-8.